Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CR - Intro to Resp Path + Pneumonia (ii) Pneumonia Classification based on…
CR - Intro to Resp Path + Pneumonia (ii) Pneumonia Classification based on Anatomical Site
Lobar pneumonia
affects males > females 3:1
increased in alcoholics
S pneumoniae 95% of time
starts distal + spreads to involve entire lobe
chest findings
decreased expansion
cough
dyspnoea
chest pain
pyrexia
dull on percussion
tactile fremitus
bronchial breathing (tubular, hollow, louder, higher-pitched)
crackles
vocal resonance
4 pathological stages... (CRGR)
congestion
heavy red lung
vasc engorgement
intra-alveolar fluid
neutrophils
red hepatisation
exudate, RBCs, fibrin + neutrophils in alveoli
lobes are red, firm, airless (liver-like consistency)
grey hepatisation
progressive RBC disintegration
persistence of a fibrinosuppurative exudate
grey dry appearance
resolution
mucociliary clearance of infection + macrophage ingestion + enzymatic digestion of exudate
or scarring (organisation of exudate, infiltration of fibroblasts, collagen deposition)
Bronchopneumonia
starts proximally in bronchioles
patchy consolidation often in both lungs
generally affects extremes of age
risk factors in old: COPD, stroke, immunosuppression
risk factor in young: immature immune system
productive cough, pyrexia, chest pain, dyspnoea, crackles
complication = micro abscess formation
Interstitial pneumonia
aka atypical pneumonia, walking well
reticular nodular pattern (linear threadlike opacities in lung)
NO CONSOLIDATION - infiltrate outside around alveoli, hence dry cough
patchy interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate
milder: ILI (low grade pyrexia, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, diarrhoea), gradual onset, normal/slightly raised WCC
rales (discontinuous clicking/rattling breath sounds
caused by organisms that can't be gram stained
M pneumoniae
C pneumoniae
TB
influenza
RSV
adenovirus
L pneumophila (no person-person spread, in water)