Geography
Case Study
Tsunami Boxing Day
Social Impacts
Tectonics
Economic Impacts
Cause
Environmental Impacts
employment sectors
Structure of the earth
coolest - thinnest (solid) Crust
3rd hottest - thickest (semi-molten) Mantle
hottest - 3rd thickest (solid) Inner Core
types of crust
2nd hottest - 2nd thickest (liquid) Outer core
continental crust
carries land
Primary sector
is lighter than oceanic
Is thicker than oceanic
retrieves natural resources (fore.g fishing, mining, farming)
oceanic crust
Is older
Mostly made of rocks such as granite
Earthquake, magnitude of 9 in the Indian Ocea
Is thinner
Younger
Is denser
Made up of basalt rocks
Carries ocean
226,000 lives lost in 13 countries
up to 5 million homeless
Lost jobs due to destroyed buildings
volcanoes
Fresh water supplies including wells were polluted by salt water
Composite
Formed on destructive plate boundaries
Farming land lost due to salt water
Lava is thicker because of the melted oceanic crust
55% silica
Destroyed coral reefs, mangroves, forests and wetlands
Alternating layers of rock
secondary sector
Violent eruptions
manufactures products
Shield
Formed on constructive plate boundaries
Tertiary sector
Lava is less viscous - meaning lava spreads out faster - causing the gentle slopes
services like teachers, doctors, lawyers, waiters
gentle eruptions
Quaternary sector
jobs involving advanced/high-tech services
Globalisation
cultural exchange between two or more countries around the world
trade of natural resources between two or more countries around the world
increasing interconnectivity between countries
Causes:
containerisation - putting goods into containers makes trade more efficient
the internet - allows instantaneous communication - allows companies to operate across multiple places, also for information to travel - more knowledge about other countries
better travel - allows fast travel and transport of goods
manufacturing in LEDCs - increased interaction between LEDCs and MEDCs
liberalisation of markets - reduced tariffs (tax for trade between countries) and lax on governmental regulations + tax -
encourages more trade
Negatives
results in cultural diversity but also assimilation (loss of cultural identity)
Part of the Earth's crust jolted upwards causing a swell that turned into a tsunami (conservative plate boundaries
Responses and Solutions
Water purification tablets were sent
The UN call an emergency conference in Jakarta, Indonesia to decide what to do about the disaster
Temporary Housing
Bodies were buried in mass graves
5 million people located to temporary refugee camps
plate boundaries
Constructive plate boundaries - Two plates pulling away from each other
Conservative plate boundaries - Two plates sliding away from each other or moving in the same direction at different speeds
A tsunami warning system was installed
Destructive plate boundaries - Two plates (one oceanic, one continental) colliding together
semi-molten due to high temperatures with pressure
solid due to compression of gravity, mainly iron and nickel
mainly iron and nickel
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Why do people live near volcanoes?
mineral-rich lava can be mined after it has cooled down (mined for gold, silver, diamonds and zinc)
volcanos attract tourists from around the world and help the locals earn money, creating jobs for people in the tourism industry and the locals
natural hot springs
people live near volcanoes because of the nutrient rich soil that is formed after a volcano erupts
steam from underground can be used as energy (geothermal)
MEDCs
LEDCs
high proportion of tertiary and significant amount of
quaternary
poorest countries mainly primary, more developed shift to secondary
centralisation of markets/dependancy between MEDCs and LEDCs means that the rich will always be rich and the poor will always be poor (relatively)means
land is destroyed - can cause earthquakes
oceanic
crust is formed when magma rises to fill the gap and cools down
no land is created or destroyed - causes earthquakes
plates move due to convection currents
earthquakes usually happen at conservative plate boundaries, sometimes at destructive
volcanoes usually happen at destructive/constructive plate boundaries, sometimes at hot spots - areas of weakness in the crust
working conditions in different countries
sweatshops
manufacturing in MEDCs