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Community Ecology (Predator-Prey Interactions # (One predator, one prey…
Community Ecology
Predator-Prey Interactions
#
One predator, one prey
fundamental aspects
feeding rate
how quickly
find new prey
functional response
more prey available
faster rate
prey-dependent
handling time
amount of time
consume the prey
functional response
zero growth isocline
population stability
paradox of enrichment
important factor
habitat is improved
improving conditions
for prey
maximum sustained yield
harvest just enough
species
keep population density
species stable
fixed effort harvesting
alternative
population health determined
population healthy
harvest abundant
population sparse
harvest poor
amount
can be harvested
particular effort
fixed quota harvesting
allowed to harvest
no time limit
no effort limit
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
optimal foraging theory
understanding herbivores
eat certain plants
optimal diet model
four predictions
certain items ate
broadening diet
dependent on other plants
prey most energy
Competition between species
exploitation competition
shared resource
interference competition
restricted by other
invasive species
increase
not welcome
apparent competition
share a predator
increase plant species
decrease plant species
in competition
not competing for resource
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
scale
smaller areas
less diverse
larger areas
more diverse
species-area relationship
number of species
area
constants discovered
measuring diversity
alpha diversity
number at site
beta diversity
small vs. large
larger community studied
comparisons
gamma diversity
number of species
specific region
species abundance relationship
number of species
abundance class
plot
#
Diversity and Latitude
varies with scale
varies with latitude
beneficial interactions between species
mutualism
#
mutualistic relationship
two organisms interact
both benefit
facilitation
one benefits
other not harmed
other not benefitted
nurse plants
small area
habitat
primary succession
organisms established
newly created
species
Interconnectedness of species: food chains and food webs
food chain
direct line
consumption
food web
network relationships
energy flow web
map
keystone species
presence
absence
Metapopulations in patchy environments
metapopulation
interconnected by migration
several populations
gene flow
composed of patches
patches
others not occupied
some occupied
empty patches
become colonized
probability of extinction
source habitat
high quality patch
sink habitat
low quality patch
fugitive species
survives by colonization
new patches
flourishes temporarily
