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Community Ecology (Metapopulations in Patchy Environments (matapopulations…
Community Ecology
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
matapopulations:
several local populations are interconnected by migration and gene flow between the patches
source habitat
the high-quality patch
sink habitat
the low-quality patch
fugitive species
one that survives by colonizing new patches
assisted dispersal
animals are captured in one area and released into the new area
Predator-Prey Interactions
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Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
3 factors in a predators choice of prey
decision by the predator to attack an individual once it has been encountered
probability that an attacked prey item will be successfully eaten
probability that a particular prey individual will be encountered
optimal diet model
optimal forging theory produced
Competition Between Species
invasive
if a species can increase from very low population density even w its competitor present
exploitation competition
resource competition occurs when the organism actually consume a shared resource
interference competition
one organism restricts another organism's access to resources even though the first might not be using it
One Predator, One Prey
simplest system
functional response
predators feeding rate and its handling time
feeding rate will be faster if more prey are available
prey-dependent
predators functional response is dependent on prey density
zero growth isocline
line indicating population stability
Apparent Competition
when organisms are not actually competing for and using a resource
plants
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
food chain
direct line of consumption
food web
network of numerous interrelationships
energy flow web
to trace how energy flows through the community
keystone species
the presence or absence of certain species
dramatically affects the structure of their community
Beneficial Interactions Between Species
mutualism
2 organisms interact and both benefit
facilitation
one organism helps another w/out receiving any benefit
first organism facilitates the presence of the other
primary succession
organisms become established on newly created substrates
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
species-area relationship
relationship between area and species richness
scales is important in community ecology
species abundance distribution
a plot of number of species in a region into various abundance classes
Diversity and Latitude
diversity varies with latitude
evolutionary history contributes to the diversity and latitude
