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How body systems work to maintain homeostasis. (Circulatory System (What…
How body systems work to maintain homeostasis.
Circulatory System
What is it.
A circulatory system has three basic components: a circulatory fluid, a set of interconnecting vessels, and a muscular pump, the heart.
Circulatory systems are either open or closed
open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells. Arthropods, such as grasshoppers, and some molluscs, including clams, have open circulatory systems.
In a closed circulatory system, a circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid. One or more hearts pump blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the tissues and organs
How does it work.
single circulation
heart that consists of two chambers: an atrium and a ventricle. Blood entering the heart collects in the atrium before transfer to the ventricle. Contraction of the ventricle pumps blood to a capillary bed in the gills, where there is a net diffusion of O2 into the blood and of CO2 out of the blood.
double circulation
In animals with double circulation, the pumps for the two circuits are combined into a single organ, the heart. Having both pumps within a single heart simplifies coordination of the pumping cycles.
In one circuit, the right side of the heart pumps oxygen poor blood to the capillary beds of the gas exchange tissues, where there is a net movement of O2 into the blood and of CO2 out of the blood. Called the pulmonary circuit
The other circuit, called the systemic circuit, begins with the left side of the heart pumping oxygen-enriched blood from the gas exchange tissues to capillary beds in organs and tissues throughout the body. Following the exchange of O2 and CO2, as well as nutrients and waste products, the now oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart, completing the circuit.
osmoregulation
what is it?
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated.
excretory system
What is it
systems that perform the basic excretory functions vary widely among animal groups. However, they are generally built on a complex network of tubules that provide a large surface area for the exchange of water and solutes, including nitrogenous wastes.