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Language Variation (Regional Variation (Charcateristics (Mapping Dialects:…
Language Variation
Regional Variation
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Charcateristics
- Mapping Dialects: Dialect atlas are maps used to illustrate findings in regards language. Isogloss is a line used in the map to show differences in pronunciation from both sides of the marked places. Sometimes, there is dialect boundary which are almost always related to political or geographical factors. Finally, the dialects outlined by the isoglosses must not be related to stereotypes.
- Methods in Dialectology: To collect data to study dialects, sampling methods have been used, and it is based on the idea of who represent a dialect. It has been found some discrepancies in terms of findings since women speakers have been marginalized. Another term introduced is the axiom of categoricity which exemplifies how treat linguistic variables are being categorized according to the speaker's speech. Finally, it has been found that the varieties of a particular region must influence what happens to other varieties of the language.
- Dialect mixture and free variation: Dialect mixture is found when individuals speak one way in one occasion and another way in a different circumstance.
- Linguistic Atlases: Some methods are used to quantify and demonstrate the probability of occurrence of specific words and sounds in specific areas.
The Linguistic Variable
This is a topic linguists have been interested in. They sample hypothesis, draw conclusions, and relate those conclusions with to linguistic variation.
- Types of linguistic variables: Not only phonological variables are studied, but also morphological, as the {-s/-es} morpheme in third person singular present tense.
- Variation in New York City: Labov investigated five different types of phonological variables, like the r-pronunciation.
- Variation in Norwich: Trudgill investigated also phonological variants, and he ordered them.
- Variation in Detroit: there is a phonological and two grammatical variants. For instance, multiple negation.
- Variants: Analysis of different linguistic variables. The principle of accountability holds that if it possible to define a variable as a closed set of variants or all of the variants.
- Indicators, markers, and stereotypes: An indicator is a linguistic variable to which little or no social import is attached. A marker is noticeable and carries social information; they are associated with social groups. Finally, stereotypes are conscious characterizations of the speech of a particular group.
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