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UNIT 6 (Poland Solid (Importance of Solidarity (This was an organized…
UNIT 6
Poland Solid
Importance of Solidarity
This was an organized movement, not street protests or riots. The leader of solidarity, lech walesa gave interview and was seen as a true leader
USSR Response
Ussr placed tanks and troops on the border with poland. Brezhnev encouraged General to declare marshall law. 150,000 solidarity members were arrested
Solutions
Workers began to set up trade unions which would organize strikes in order to make charges. The communist Gov't trcked down on union strikes.
Aftermath
Solidarity contained call for strikes/boycotts against the Gov't. Solidarity continued to broadcast its radio program. Lech Walesa not with leaders if foreign countries and in 1990 became actual leader of poland
Problems in Russia
The polish economy was in bad shape. Price of food was going way up. Wages were not rising along with the price of goods
Berlin Wall
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Khrushchev's solution
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On August 13, 1961 german troops erected barbed wire ending all free movement from east to west
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The West's Reaction
The U.S and the USSR faced each other in a tease stand off after 18 hours one by one, the tanks pulled back
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Prague Spring
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Outcome
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even though dubcek expressed his loyalty and the warsaw pact brezhnev was worried about new resistances
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USSR Collapse
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- Economy was weak due to:- Overspending on the arms race (weapons, nukes)- Money spent on a War in Afghanistan (like Vietnam for US)- There had been no new ideas about their econ. since Joseph Stalin’s era.
- Quality of life was Low in USSR- Lower standard of living compared to the capitalist countries.
- People did not trust the government.- Life expectancy was decreasing in the USSR. (age you live to) -Corruption in government was extremely bad, Communist party members could get things that the ordinary citizens could not.
B.Gorbachev’s Reforms-Gorbachev did not want to end communism, only change it for the better.
- Glasnost (openness) - The media was less restricted and could now report news honestly. Ex. Economic problems, Afghanistan
- Perestroika (restructuring) - This introduced some elements of capitalism to the USSR, in order to fix the economy. -Example, it was no longer illegal to buy and sell goods for profit.
- Decrease Defense Spending - Gorbachev cut the number of soldiers he was paying. - He withdrew troops from Afghanistan.
- He cut spending on the arms race. - Gorbachev and Reagan had 3 meetings where they decided to remove some nuclear missiles and agreed to inspections to prove they had done so.
C. Effects of the Reforms on East. Europe- In 1985 Gorbachev informs the Warsaw Pact nations that they are free to do as they please in their countries.- In 1988 Gorbachev announced he was withdrawing troops from Eastern Europe, the message was, “the Red Army will not support your communist Government any longer.” (see source 16)
- The 15 republics in the USSR also began to declare their independence as well.- Russia itself, elected Boris Yeltsin, who “saw no future for the USSR.”
- Communists tried to overthrow Yeltsin but they were unsuccessful, on Dec. 25thGorbachev announced the end of the USSR.