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Lymphatic & Immune System Yatziri Carmona Per.1 (Lympathic System…
Lymphatic & Immune System
Yatziri Carmona
Per.1
Lympathic System
Plays a supporting role to the cardiovascuar and immune system
Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system is a one direction open ended network of vessels
helps large molecules enter the blood ( hormones, lipids)
returns fluid to heart
lymph: a watery solution that does not contain rbcs, originates from interstatial fluid
immune surveillance
lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues in the thymus, spleen, and tonsils produce lymphocytes which are white blood cells involved in immunity
lymph nodes contain macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes
lymphatic capillaries: smallest vessels of the lymphatic system
made of overlapping endothelial cells.
when fluid accumulates in the tissue, interstitial pressure increases pushing the flaps inwards opening the gaps between cells allowing fluid to flow in. As the pressure in the capillaries increases, the flaps are pushed outwards
lymph ducts: lymphatic capillaries merge and the lymph contained is carried into larger lymphatic vessels known as lymph ducts
lymph ducts eventually empty out into either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
keeps blood volume where it needs to be
prevents low blood pressure
Immune System
innate defense system: mostly stuff you were born with
external: skin, mucous membranes
1st line of defense: skin
internal: phagocytes, antimicrobial proteins, attack cells
adaptive defense system: it uses an arsenal of physical and chemical barriers, killer cells, and even fever, to keep you healthy
humoral immunity
dispatches antibodies made by special white blood cells, they protol the body's fluid
b lymphocyte: originates and matures in bone marrow, once activated it colones itself immediately
effector cells: active fighters
memory cells: preserve genetic code of the successful antibody
antibody strategies
neutralization: the antibodies physically block the binding sites on viruses or bacterial toxins
agglutination: bind to more than one antigen at the same time; makes it easier for macrophages to eat
cellular immunity
t cells: activate macrophages, cause inflammation, get other T cells fired up
helper t cell: call the shots
helper t cells
release cytokines that activate b and t cells
regulatory cells
memory t cells
cytotoxic: do the killing
roam the blood and lymph for cells asking to be killed
phagocytes: to eat
macrophages: bigger and tougher, derived from monocyte white blood cells. Uses cytoplasmic extensions
neutrophils: most abundant, self destruct after devouring a pathogen (pus= dead neutrophils)
natural killer cells: tiny assassins, protol blood and lymph and look for abnormal cells . If it detects an abnormal cell, it triggers apoptosis
inflammatory response
the major histocompatibility complex
a complex of proteins found on the membranes of our cells
MCH class 2
only found in B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and some T lymphocytes
MCH class 3
not membrane proteins, not structurally related to MCH 1&2, physiological roles
MHC class 1
allows leukocytes to distinguish healthy and infected cells
distinguish the healthy cells and infected cells