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Nystagmus (Aetiology (Autoimmune
MS, Neoplastic
CNS tumour, Vascular
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Nystagmus
Aetiology
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Vascular
Stroke in e.g. brainstem, cerebellum
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Pathophysiology
Defect
Lesion in vestibular system, cerebellum,
brainstem controlling coordination of movement
Mechanism
Pathology in vestibular system or cerebellum
Inability of eyes to focus causes scanning of the eyes
Types
Horizontal - vestibular
Vertical (upbeat, downbeat) - CNS
Seesawing/torsional (brainstem)
Diagnosis
Examination
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ENT
Signs of Menieres, BPPV
Investigations
Bloods
FBC, CRP, U+E, LFT, B12, folate
Autoimmune screen (MS)
Imaging
CT head (SOL, stroke)
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History
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FH
Neurological problems,
ocular disorders, stroke
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FH
Living arrangements, occupation/school/nursery,
alcohol, smoking
PC/HPC
Involuntary eye movement,
affect on vision, developmental delay
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Definition
Repetitive, involuntary,
rhythmic oscillation of the eyes
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