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2.1.4 Enzymes (Role (biologically catalysing reactions that affect…
2.1.4 Enzymes
Role
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Catalyst: chemical that speeds up the rate of a reaction and remains unchanged and reusable at the end of the reaction
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enzyme degradation: cells degrade old enzymes and synthesize new ones; elimination of abnormally shaped proteins that could harm the cell; regulation of metabolism
Mechanisms
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Active Site: indented area on the surface of an enzyme molecule, with a shape that is complementary to the shape of the substrate molecule; consists of a few amino acids
Lock-and-Key Hypothesis
substrate molecule fits in active site of enzyme, as it has a complementary tertiary structure
enzyme-substrate complex: formed by temporary binding of enzyme with substrate molecules in active site, with weak hydrogen bonds
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enzyme-product complex: formed by binding of substrate molecules in active site to form products, with non-covalent forces
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Induced Fit Model
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when substrate binds to active site, structure of active site changes slightly
active site structure is still complementary to substrate shape but when binding, subtle changes of R groups of active site give more exact fit
product molecule has slightly different shape from substrate molecule, so become detached
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Product: molecule produced from substrate, by an enzyme catalysed reaction
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