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Control of Oxygenation (Respiratory Center (Medulla: starts signal for…
Control of Oxygenation
Respiratory Center
Medulla: starts signal for muscles to contract
Basic rhythm: mostly involuntary but can take voluntary control
integration center: takes all information and decides what breathing rate should be
peripheral chemoreceptors: CO2 in blood, level of oxygen, pH of blood
peripheral stretch receptors: measures stretch in visceral pleura
pons: fine control of movement
Influences of respiratory rate
chemoreceptors
central in the brainstem: level of CO2, pH of blood
peripheral in the aortic arch and carotid arteries: level of oxygen (partial pressure = 60, peripheral receptors signal trouble, saturation is = 90) normal partial pressure is high
other influences
hypothalamus: sensory integration center; regulates emotion
cortical control: conscious control
reflexes: signal not sent to the brain
inflation reflex: stretch of the visceral pleura
Alterations in Ventilation
hyperventilation
ventilation rate:(increasing exhale time, decreasing inhale time) --> hypocapnia: low CO2 --> slow down breathing
Gas exchange: (PCO2 in body is decreasing); decrease CO2 --> alkalosis
hypernea
ventilation rate: increase rate in response to metabolic rate
gas exchange: raise PO2 to carry more oxygen
Acclimatization (adjusting to high altitudes)
elevations above 8000ft have a lower partial pressure of O2
fast ascent
longer term compensation (acclimatization)
ventilation: increase
PCO2: decrease
hemoglobin saturation: decrease
total oxygen level: decrease
renal response: stimulates erythropoietin
end result: increased red blood cell which increases the total amount of rbc with increased oxygen storage