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CONTROL CENTRES (VCC (RECOVERY (Chemoreceptors - increased 02 and…

- - - - Chemoreceptors: C02, lactic acid levels increase
      - Proprioceptors: increase motor activity
      - Baroreceptors: increase in stretch on vessel walls
    - - Increase in temperature and venous return
    - - Sympathetic release of adrenaline and noradrenaline
      - Sympathetic nervous system increases firing rate of SA node via accelerator nerve to increase HR
    - - NEURAL
        
        Chemoreceptors: increase in 02 but decrease in LA
        
        Proprioceptors: decrease motor activity
        
        Baroreceptors: decrease in stretch on vessel walls
      - INTRINSIC
        
        Decrease in temp and venous return
      - HORMONAL
        
        Parasympathetic inhibition of adrenaline
        
        Parasympathetic nervous system decreases firing rate of SA node via vagus nerve to decrease HR
    - - Autonomic nervous system involuntarily regulates HR and determines firing rate of SA node - higher firing rate, higher HR
      - From medulla oblongata in brain, CCC receives infrom from sensory nerves and sends direction through motor nerves to change HR
      - NEURAL
        
        Chemoreceptors in muscles, aorta and cartoid arteries inform CCC of chemical changes such as lactic acid levels CO2
        
        Proprioceptors in muscles tendons joints inform of motor activity
        
        Baroreceptors blood vessel walls - inform of increased blood pressure
      - Intrinsic
        
        Temp changes affect viscosity of blood and speed of nerve impulse transmission
        
        Venous Return changes affect stretch on ventricle walls, force of ventricular contraction and therefore SV
    - - Adrenaline and noradrenaline are released from adrenal glands increasing force of ventricular contraction (SV) and increasing spread of electrical activity through heart (HR)
- - - - sends impulses to diaphragm via phrenic nerve
      - sends impulses to intercostal muscles via the intercostal nerve via autonomic nervous system
      - When stimulated, muscles contract increasing volume of thoraic cavity causing inspiration. decreasing lung pressure
        
        When stimulation stops, muscle relaxes decreasing thoraic cavity volume causing expiration (passive)
  - - - Thermoreceptors: increase in blood temp
      - Proprioceptors: motor activity in muscles and joints
      - Baroreceptors in lung tissue and bronchioles inform state of lung inflation
    - - Increases stimulation of diaphragm and external intercostal to contract with more force
      - Stimulates additional inspiratory muscles such as sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major to contract
      - Increases force of contraction and therefore depth of inspiration
    - - If lung tissue becomes excessively stretched, it stimulates internal intercostals and rectus abdominis to contract
      - Causes a forced expiration, therefore decreasing thoraic cavity volume, increasing lung air pressure
      - Expiratory centre immediately stimulates expiratory muscles, results in an increase in rate of breathing
- - - - Chemoreceptors - increased C02 and lactic acid levels
      - Baroreceptors increased stretch on vessel walls
      - Sympathetic stimulation decreased - arterioles + pre capillary sphincters dilate - blood flow increased to muscle cells
      - Sympathetic stimulation increased - arterioles and pre capillary sphincters constrict to decrease blood flow to organ cells