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Population Genetics and Evolution (Evolution Rates (most studies concern…
Population Genetics and Evolution
Population Genetics
gene pool :swimmer::skin-tone-3:
number of alleles in sex cell :female_sign: :male_sign:
all individuals
changes
mutations
accidents
flood
volcanic eruptions :volcano:
drought
artificial selection
natural selection
most significant
survival of the fittest :muscle::skin-tone-4:
not including
purpose
intention
planning
voluntary decisions
Evolution Rates
most studies concern structures
#
flowers :sunflower:
leaves :leaves:
fruits :kiwifruit:
shoots
trichomes
most populations already well adapted
mutations rarely superior to affect population
more intricate=less likely random change benefit
loss of structure/metabolism are quick
disruptive mutations more likely are more rapidly
Speciation
fundamental
phyletic
1 species
gradual
gene flow
#
pollen transfer
seed dispersal :seedling:
divergent
populations
others stay same
reproductively isolated
abiological reproductive barrier
biological reproductive barrier
sympatric speciaton
prezygotic isolation mechanism
postzygotic internal isolation mechanism
hybrid sterility
hybrid inviability
adaptive radiation
#
short time
new habitat
founder individual
genetic drift
convergent evolution
two species
same phenotype favored
Evolution/Origin of Life
chemosynthesis
conditions
hot and rocky :mountain:
mainly hydrogen
heat/electricity energy source
no molecular oxygen
polymers
monomers in ocean
needed high concentration
binded to clay particles
aggregation
chemical to masses
fatty acid/proteins
grew
helped info molecule replicate
metabolism
complete heterotrophs
absorbed material from ocean
two steps long with two enzymes
glycolysis
electron transport/hydrogen pumping
oxygen
evolution of chlorophyll a
water to oxygen molecule
evolution of photosynthesis
bacteriochlorophyll
world rusted
oxidizing atmosphere
aerobic respiration conditions
to much could have killed everything
