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Control, punishment and victims (Crime prevention and control (Situational…
Control, punishment and victims
Crime prevention and control
Situational
:silhouette: Clarke
Three features of SCP
Directed at specific crimes
Involve managing or altering the immediate environment
Aim at increasing the effort and risks and reducing rewards
'Target hardening'
Locking doors, security guards, re-shaping environment
A rational choice theory
:silhouette: Felson
The Port Authority Bus Terminal in NYC
Poorly designed and provided opportunities for deviant conduct
Displacement
Criticise SCP as they only displace crime
:silhouette: Chaiken et al
Crackdown on subway robberies moved them to streets above
Forms of displacement
Spatial - place
Temporal - time
Target - victim
Tactical - method
Functional - type of crime
Evaluation
:check: Works to some extent in reducing certain types of crimes
:red_cross: Ignores white collar crime, corporate and state crime
:red_cross: Ignores root causes of crime
Environmental
:silhouette::silhouette: Wilson and Kelling
Broken Windows article
Signs of disorder that are not dealt with send out signals no one cares
An absence of both formal social control and informal means members feel intimidated and powerless
Solution is to crackdown on any disorder through an environmental improvement strategy and a zero tolerance strategy
Social and community
:silhouette::silhouette: Wilson and Kelling
Recognition of community and informal controls in preventing crime, emphasise policies based on their ideas
Social and community prevention place emphasis on potential offender and social context
Poverty is a cause of crime, general social policies may have a crime prevention role
The Perry preschool project in Michigan
Intellectual enrichment for 3-4 year olds
Longditudinal study followed their progress and had less arests