Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lockwood Kipling's Role and the Establishment of the Mayo School of…
Lockwood Kipling's Role and the Establishment of the Mayo School of Art (1875-1890)
Article describes the process of establishment of Mayo School of Art in Lahore 1875
Discusses the context which set up art institutions in India was conceived
Art institutions
Colonial India Objectives
to train local artisans
Scientific training in drawing was argued due to colonial impression
Repeated by British Artist
John Ruskins
Narratives could draw a merger on monstrous objects
1 more item...
the British assumed as their responsibility to initiate the native into new ways of acting ad knowing
Krisna kumar believed it as the core agenda
Tarpar however maintained that art under British attained partial success
The adjustment between Native and the Western
The complexity is captured in the works of Partha Mittar and Tapati Guha-Thakurta
emphasize on the imperial motives behind art institutes in colonial India
Mitter argues that these schools became vehicles for infusing western nations in Indian art traditions
Thakurta in her later works gives prominence to the hybridty resulting from the interaction of the local with the colonized and colonizer
1 more item...
The paper attermps to see how the colonial adminstration interwoove yet differentiated arts from craft
British Art Administrators and the Establishment of Art School in Punjab
Punjab product Exhibition 1864 Lahore
started debate about establishment of school of design
draw attention to education committee
appointed to enquire aspect of education in Punjab
Main Actors
B.H. Baden Powell
Richard Temple
H.H.Locke
John Lockwood
Dr De Fabeck
worked out necessary details
The proposal faced lack of funds
The subject remained a suspense until Feb 1868
1 more item...
Lockwood Kipling
Born to the family of Yorkshire
farming stock at Pickering
First son of Reverend Joseph Kipling
He attended some art school or technical collage
at the age of fourteen
started his career as designer and modeller at the pottery
simultaneously he attended the stroke school of art
Kipling had a great desire for learning
this won him the national scholarship
enabled him to begin designing and modeling
Married Alice MacDonald on 18 March
His son Rudyard was born on Dec 1865
He combined the role of illustrator for his son Rudyard's books with the role of art administrator and curator for the work life in India
In 1870 he was commissioned to tour the North Western Provinces and to make number of sketches of Indian craftsman
Today held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London
Kipling and Mayo School of Arts
arrived in Lahore on 24th April 1875
He took over as the principles on 27th May
His immediate concern was to ensure an appropriate and permanent building for the school
Various people/ officials suggested spaces
Money raised from the mayo memorial fund was stipulated for the design and construction of the building
structure was plaster bricks and Saracenic in style
five rooms on the ground floor and a lecture hall on the top floor 64 by 24 feet
1 more item...
Curriculum
Kipling in the light of his experience as a teacher designed a course of the Instruction
suitable to local requirements
Then he listed the courses as follows
Black board demonstration of the first principle of drawing. Elimentary outline from flat copies
Light and shade from objects and casts. Plant drawing from nature
The general principles of oriental design
Advanced perspectives, Modelling from nature.
Studies in colour of ornaments
Kipling stressed the need for variety of subjects
In order to provide the stimulus of change for the students
Sketching from the memory
he was not forthcoming in dangling materials incentives to the students
as a mater of principle he believed fee should be charged
paying a fee is more agreeable to the self respect
He was opposed to the free education for the reasons set out below
Records of the Students
Emphasized the need to maintain full records of students background and date of entry to the collage
daily attendance
he thought of engaging every student to his ancestral profession
he deemed their acquaintance with the basic drawing method a vital skill
he emphasized on the importance of old buildings of Lahore
Wazir Khan Mosque
Instructing the Native: Students of the MSA
Initial intake in 1875 comprised of 88 students
49 muslims
24 Hindus
12 Sikhs
3 Christian Boys
came from the middle ranks of Punjabi society
The first year majority of the first year were instructed in the elements of drawing
demonstration on blackboard and flat examples
The students did better then he expected
many of them were said to exhibit special technical aptitude
The school of carpentry came under the direct supervision of Kipling as early as 1876
It entailed its merger with the Mayo School
Initial years saw some fluctuation in the number of the students but gradually it became more stable
The number of the student fell to its lowest ever 43, 1881
The institution undoubtedly benefited from official patronage in coming out of the lean patch
Kipling attached extraordinary importance to the principals of oriental Design in all architectural and Decorative work
In 1884-85 the elementary course that all the students had to pass through comprised of
Free hand drawing and outline from the flat
Elementary Geometry
Outlines from the round
Rudiments of perspectives
Lights and Shade from the Round
Plant Drawing from Nature
Elementary Studies of Colour
The course designed for more advance level included following subjects
Architectural Drawing
Advanced Perspective
Wood Construction
Modelling in Clay
Modelling from Nature
Painting In Oil
Lithographic Drawing
Engraving on wood and metal
Textile Design as Carpets, Embroidery
Emphasis on workshop/craftsmanship
schools tenth anniversary
Mr Cenzil Ibbetson reviewed the school as a superior sort of workshop
Ibbetson wanted the school to exercise as the aesthetic center as school of design and the source of enlightenment criticism and advice
Kipling and Ibbetson agreed on one topic of the need for English as the medium of instruction
In year 1885-86 was important for another reason as MSA started getting commissioned work from the Punjab Government .
This included work on the decoration of Barner Court's official summer residence in Simla
The earnings accruing from those projects contributed quite considerably to the MSA finances
MSA and Exhibition
The school acquired various medals and awards in different exhibitions
The Colonial and Indian exhibition in London 1886
Nine medals were awarded to MSA
6 to teaching staff
3 to students
The Principal received a congratulation letter from the Director of the Royal Polytechnic Academy and Museum
The value Judgement and stereotypes he adopted regarding pupil behavior
By the time of Kipling retirement he had laid the firm foundation of an art institution during 18 years of service
Despite his criticism of pupils laziness, they had produced quality works of art and won numerous
received praise from Queen Victoria which was unprecedented
officials in the colonial administration from Governess down to district officials had lavished support and approbation on the Mayo School
Five young men were also sent from the School to act as Elementary Teachers in the North West Provinces
Nestfield's visit revealed that the school was not acting as a model for educational development throughout northern India.