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Nature exposure and physical health (Greener neighborhood linked to reduce…
Nature exposure and physical health
Greener neighborhood linked to reduce risk of overweight/obesity
Liu et al. (2006)
only for subjects residing in higher population density regions
increased distance between a subject's residence and the nearest large brand name supermarkets was associated with increased risk of overweight, but only for subjects residing in lower population density regions
Bell et al. (2008)
Higher greenness was significantly associated with lower BMI z-scores at Time 2 regardless of residential density characteristics
also associated with lower odds of children's and youth's increasing their BMI z-scores over 2 years
Potwarka et al. (2008)
None of the three park variables (distance to the closest park, number of parks within 1 km, or amount of park area within 1 km) was associated with significantly increased odds of being classified in the healthy weight category
Of the 13 park facilities examined in the present study, only one was a significant predictor of a child's weight category. children with a park playground(s) within 1 km were almost 5 times more likely to be classified as being of a healthy weight than those children without playgrounds in nearby parks
Wolch et al. (2010)
For park acres within a 500m distance of children's homes , there were significant inverse associations with attained BMI at age 18. Effects sizes were larger for boys than girls
Recreation programs within 10 km buffer of children's homes were significantly and inversely associated with achieved levels in BMI at age 18 with effect sized for boys also larger than those for girls
Alexander et al. (2012)
Access to recreational parks and facilities reduces the prevalence of obesity, particularly for some racial/ethnic subgroups (larger in minorities)
Epstein et al. (2012)
At 2-year follow up, greater parkland, fewer convenience stores, and fewer supermarkets were associated with greater zBMI reduction across all interventions.
Wall et al. (2012)
Low percentage of parks/recreation, and low perceived safety were associated with higher BMI z-scores in boys and girls
Lovasi et al. (2013)
A higher homicide rate was associated with a 22% higher prevalence of obesity
A higher density of street trees was associated with 12% lower prevalence of obesity
Neighborhood poverty had an unexpected association with lower BMI z-score and lower obesity prevalence in fully adjusted models
Ohri-Vaachaspati et al. (2013)
Significant associations were observed between children's weight status and proximity to convenience stores in the 1/4 mile radius and with presence of a large park in the 1/2 mile radius
Dadvand et al. (2014)
An interquartile range increase in residential surrounding greenness was associated with 11-19% lower relative prevalence of overweight/obesity and excessive screen time,
but was not associated with current asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Similary, residential proximity to forests was associated with 39% and 25% lower relative prevalence of excessive screen time and overweight/obesity, respectively, but
was not associated with current asthma
In contrast, living close to parks was associated with a 60% higher relative prevalence of current asthma
Kim et al. (2014)
More tree patches and well-connected landscape patterns were negatively correlated with their BMI z-scores
Larger sizes of urban forests and tree patches were negatively associated with children's BMI z-scores in the half-mile network buffer assessment
Fan and Jin (2013)
Adding a park/playground to a neighborhood may reduce the obesity rate and make children more fit
impact is gender-dependent on average, the impact is greater among girls than boys
The impact is age-specific on average, the impact is greater among the young cohort aged 10 - 13 year old compared with those aged 14 - 17 year old for both gender groups
The impact is race-specific non Hispanic white youth benefit much more than blacks and Hispanics
The effect is greater among children in unsafe neighborhood
The impact depends on the household income level children living below 133% of federal poverty level are more likely to benefit from neighborhood parks/playgrounds, but the magnitude is greater among those living below 133%
the impact depends on the neighborhood amenities - the existence of community centers/kids' clubs attenuates the effects of parks/playground among both boys and girls, but sidewalks/pathways enhance (attenuate) the effect among boys (girls)
More street trees associated with lower prevalence of asthma
Lovasi et al. (2008)
increase in tree density was associated with a lower prevalence of asthma, but not with hospitalisations for asthma
Greener neighborhood linked to general health/ morbidity
Maas et al. (2009)
The annual prevalence rate of 15 of the 24 disease clusters (assessed by physician) was lower in living environments with more green space in a 1 km radius
The relation was strongest for anxiety disorder and depression
The relation was strongest for children under 12
The relation was strongest in slightly urban area and not apparent in very strongly urban areas
Aggio et al. (2014)
Children living the furthest distance from green/ open spaces (>20 mins walking distrance) displayed over 2 hr more weekly TV time than the reference category (<5 mins walking distance)
compared to children in the reference category, those in the >20 mins category had worse mental health
and general health, and were more likely to come from lower SEG households
Markevych et al. (2014)
The systolic and diastolic BP of children living at residences with low and moderate greenness was higher than those living in areas of high greenness