Medieval Europe
Black Death
Gothic Cathedrals
First Crusade Route
Crusades
What were they Fighting For?
Control of the holy land the city of Jerusalem
Causes
The holy land was closed to Christians
Around 1095 AD a new group of Muslims took control of the Holy Lands, includingJerusalem and closed it to all Christian Pilgrims
The emperor of the Byzantine Empire asked for Pope Urban II for help in regaining these lands for Christians
Pope Urban II agreed to help and called for the first Crusade
Other Motivations
The Pope hoped that the Crusades would also...
Reduce warfare at home in Europe .
Nobles and knights would fight Muslims instead of eachother
Background
Three major religion groups all claimed Jerusalem in the land of Palestine, as their holy city
Groups
Christians
Jews
Muslims
The Place where Jesus was crucified
Abraham was given this land by God
Where Jesus rose from the dead
Where Jesus ascended to heaven
Abraham was given this land by God
Place where Muhammed ascended to heaven to meet Allah
In 637 AD, Muslims entered the city of Jerusalem and took control
Muslims allowed Christians and Jews to make pilgrims to visit Jerusalem
Jews and Christians could even live in Palestine as long as they paid an extra tax
What were they?
They were a series of religious wars between European Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Lands between the years 1096-1297 AD
The word crusade comes from the latin word crux meaning cross
To take up the cross meant to become a crusader
To identify themselves, crusaders sewed symbols of the cross onto their clothing and painted crosses on their shields.
Importance
The crusades were the beginning of a poor relationship between Muslims, Christians and Jews that still impact the world today
The Crusades changed Christian Europe and led to new ideas and brought back the idea of classical Rome
Effects
Weakened Feudalism
Nobles sold their fiefs to go fight and knights also left
Serfs were given freedom
Increased Power of European Kings
Nobles who died with no heir, their land went to the king
Stimulated Trade
Cities and towns along the routes grew importance (Venice)
Spread of...
Ideas
Cultures
Advances
Ornamentation
Ribbed Vault
Pointed Arches
Tall, thin columns
Flying Buttress
Stained Glass Windows
Gargoyles
Rose Window
Treatments
Symptoms
How it Spread
Plague Today
Cut open a lump and cover it with warm butter, onion and figs to draw the poison out
To rub a live frog’s belly over the victim’s body
Carry sweet-smelling flowers everywhere they went
They wore masks with a beak filled with sweet scents
Catholics went to highways and whipped themselves while crying to God for mercy
They would eat rotten tree- apple (it had to be 10 years old)
Leeches were a painless method of bloodletting, most couldn’t afford them so they took an unsterile knife and deeply cut a vein
They crushed emeralds and mixed them with water, food or alone.
They bathed in urine and even drank it
They would shave a hen’s backside and strap it to the patient’s swollen lymph nodes, while the chicken was still alive.
They killed Jews, they decided to treat the plague by purging the world of Jews
It spread from Asia, first it reached Constantinople, then Caffa, then Scicily, from Sicily it spread to Italy and from Italy it spread to France and Spain
It was spread by a by fleas on rats
Early
Late
Fever
Headache
Pain in Joints
Ached bones
Nausea
Bleeding
Bobus
Pus Exudation
Vomiting Blood
We use antibiotics to treat it
We can still find the plague in the USA, it is the most common in the South-West
There isn't a vaccine that can prevent the plague
Yersinia pestis is the name of the bacteria that causes the plague
