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B1 Revision:Cells (Bacterial Cells (Plasmid (Contains genes for things…

- - - - Functions:
        
        To carry female DNA and to nourish developing embryo in early stages
      - Adaptations
        
        Straight after fertilisation, its membrane changes structure to stop more sperm getting in. This makes sure the offspring ends up with the right amount of DNA
        
        Haploid nucleus (23 chromosomes (1/2 usual))
        
        Contains nutrients in cytoplasm to feed embryo
    - - Adaptations
        
        Has cilia (hair like structure) on top of the surface of the cell
      - Lots lining airways;These help to move mucus up to the throat so it can be swallowed and doesn't reach the lungs
      - Used to move substances; cilia beat to move substances in one direction along the surface of the tissue
      - Lines the surface of organs
    - - Function:
        
        Transports male DNA to the female egg
      - Adaptations:
        
        Haploid nucleus (23 chromosomes (1/2 usual))
        
        Acromosome at front of head where it stores enzymes needed to digest its way through the membrane of the egg cell
        
        Lots of mitochondria in middle section to provide energy (for respiration) needed to swim the distance
        
        Long tail so it can swim to egg
- - - - Supports and strengthens the cell
      - Made of cellulose
    - - Contains a green substance called chlorophyll
      - Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant.
    - - Ensure the plant cell remains full of water (turgid)
      - Maintains internal pressure to support the cell
      - Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
  - - - Involved in the translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins
    - - Contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
      - Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
    - - Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes
      - Contains genes which carry inherited info, stored in code, using DNA molecules.
      - Controls cell as it can code for proteins
    - - Holds the cell together and controls what enters and exits
    - - Site of aerobic respiration where glucose (food) is broken down using oxygen to release energy
        
        Transfers energy that the cell needs to work