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Backpacks and Carrying Systems (carrying systems (backpacks (packs with…

- - - - day packs
        
        small/ light enough that it can be carried on shoulders without an issue
    - - interior frames
        
        better for carrying general gear, clothing
        
        9/10 times, is better for regular hiking/ camping
      - exterior frames
        
        easier to attach gear to the outside, awkward loads, gear specific, etc
      - purpose of frames
        
        provides support and maintains the pack's shape, transfers weight from shoulders to hips
      - types of frames
        
        rigid frames
        
        made of metal, composite, hard plastic
        
        provides more support
        
        padding frame
        
        less support, fits to your body more easily
  - - - useful when there is too much weight to carry on your back
        
        i.e. antarctic expedition that requires several hundred pounds of gear
  - - - great for canoes
        
        too big to fit in a kayak
      - dry bags are also good: smaller and more packable
  - - - great for trips with planes,cars, pulks, canoes, etc
  - - - good for carrying ropes, gear racks, etc
- - - - measured in liters
        
        35 liters or less is a day pack
        
        around 65 liters is an average overnight trip bag
        
        80 liters or more is usually used for extended trips/ trips that require an excessive amount of gear
    - - height/ length
        
        small, medium large
        
        male, female
        
        having really loose shoulder straps on a bag that is too small for you isn't the same as having a pack that properly fits your torso
  - - - see weight distribution
  - - - they are not load bearing
- - - - first aid, water, map, multi-tool, granola bars, etc
    - - sleeping bag, pad, tent, etc
  - - - a properly fitted backpack should place the majority of the weight on your hips
        
        hips are load bearing (they carry your entire body from the navel up)
        
        shoulders aren't load bearing
        
        putting weight on them will hurt and cause fatigue
      - having the weight up top will place it over your hips
  - - - reduces volume, creates dead air space
    - - takes up more space but doesn't create awkward shapes
        
        easier to balance weight effectively
  - - - whether inflatable or egg crate, the pad will take up space
        
        it can be used for increased back support by folding/ rolling and placing against the back of the back
        
        rolling and placing other gear inside will take up the least amount of space (on the inside)
    - - two main places to attach it
        
        under the brain
        
        while it will be most out of the way here, it will be in the way of essential gear
        
        see order of use
        
        to the exterior of the bottom of the bag
        
        if it is an inflatable pad, it may be punctured
  - - - wrap gear up in them, any water that gets into the bag won't make it past the trash bag
- - - - see carrying systems
  - - - lighter fabrics may not suffice, could lead to loss or damage to gear or supplies
  - - - less weight means less structure and a lower weight threshhold
        
        good for expeditions that require less gear or are shorter
- - - - maps, water bottles, etc
  - - - camelbak pockets to hold a water bladder
    - - many packs will have pouches or nets of some sort to keep a helmet attached without bouncing around
    - - skis, poles, ice tools, rope, etc
        
        too big to go inside your pack, keeps them firmly attached to the outside