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C4 (Ionic Bonding: metal + non-metal (Group no. - 8: -charge on non-metal,…
C4
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reduction
Reduction is chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction.
The term refers to the element that accepts electrons, as the oxidation state of the element that gains electrons is lowered
example, the iron is oxidized and the oxygen is reduced
reactivity series-
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electrolysis
what is it?
Electrolysis is used extensively in metallurgical processes, such as in extraction (electrowinning) or purification (electrorefining) of metals from ores or compounds and in deposition of metals from solution (electroplating). Hydrogen and oxygen are produced by the electrolysis of water
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dynamic equilibrium
a dynamic equilibrium exists once a reversible reaction ceases to change its ratio of reactants/products, but substances move between the chemicals at an equal rate, meaning there is no net change.
example
A reaction is at dynamic equilibrium if the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. It is at static equilibrium if the reaction has occurred and the forward and reaction rates are both equal to 0
carbon extracting
what is it?
Extraction using carbon. Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. Each of these oxides is heated with carbon to obtain the metal. The metal oxide loses oxygen, and is therefore reduced.
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