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Sherif et al (1954/1961) (Sample (11yr olds, Boys, 22ppts, White, Middle…
Sherif et al (1954/1961)
Sample
11yr olds
Boys
22ppts
White
Middle class
Protestant
Double-parent
opportunity
Method
Field Experiment
Observation
covert
Design
Repeated Measures
Procedure
2 Groups
Separate & Ignorant
Phase 1
bonding
swimming
hiking
Names
Eagles
Rattlers
Phase 2
Competition/Friction
4-6 days
base-ball
tug-of-war
Prize
trophy
medals
points
4-bladed knife
"help" to one team
eg picnic
2-day "cooling"
Phase 3
integration
Attempt 1:
contact
films
dinners
Attempt 2:
Super-ordinate goals
blocked water pipe
fix together
broken truck
pull
Results
Ingroup bitching
Name-calling/taunting
Es burned R's flag
Rs ransacked E's cabin
Physical A. (separation)
Categorising ("cooling")
Stats: Outgoing friendhip
Friction
Es 7.7%
Rs 6.4%
Integration
Es 23.2%
Rs 36.4%
Conculsions
Realistic Conflict Theory
Subordinate goals => prejudice
Superordinate goals => conflict resolution
("mere presence" not sufficient)
Aims
inter-group hostility
Inducing factors
"conflict"
Reducing factors
"conflict resolution"