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organising animals and plants (the leaf (guard cells (controls the opening…
organising animals and plants
blood
types
white blood cell
protect the body against infection
red blood cell
carries oxygen around the body
plasma
carries nutrients and cells
platelets
fragments of cells which help the body to clot
3 blood vessels
arteries
carries blood away from your heart to the organs of your body
they have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibre with a small lumen
oxygenated
veins
carries blood from the organs towards your heart
thin walls and has valves to prevent back flow of blood with a large lumen
deoxygenated
capillaries
form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and the veins
the walls are a single cell thick with a narrow lumen
both oxygenated and deoxygenated
respiration
exhaling
internal intercostal muscles contract
ribs moves down and in
volume of the chest decreases
air is pushed out the lungs
pressure inside the chest increases
external intercostal muscle relax
diaphragm moves upwards
inhaling
diaphragm flattens
external intercostal muscles contract
internal intercostal muscle relax
ribs move upwards and out
air is drawn into lungs
volume of the chest increases
pressure inside the chest decreases
the heart
top half
atrium
bottom half
ventricle
left stronger
pumps blood to body and head
right side
oxygenated
left side
deoxygenated
the leaf
guard cells
controls the opening and closing of the stomata
stomata
allows gas to move in and out of the cell
phloem
transports dissolves food-sugars
xylem
transports water and minerals
epidermal tissues
cover the surfaces and protect them
bottom half
spongy mesophyll
top half
palisade mesophyll