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Influenza Viruses and Norovirus (Complications (Sinusitis, Otitis Media,…
Influenza Viruses and Norovirus
Influenza Viruses
Highly contagious, viral respiratory disease
Characterized by: coryza, fever, cough, and systemic symptoms such as malaise
Tends to be self-limiting
Transmitted by airborne, droplet, and direct contact
Some influenza A strains are transmitted from animals (swine flu, bird flu, etc.) and are involved in epidemics and/or pandemics.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Course of Influenza
Short incubation period
4 Types
The emergence of a new and very different influenza A virus to infect people can cause an influenza pandemic
Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics of disease almost every winter in North America
Influenza type C infections generally cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics
Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people
Infections Respiratory Epithelium
Necrosis and shedding of cells
Rhinorrhea
Increases risk for secondary bacterial infections
Complications
Sinusitis
Otitis Media
Tracheobroncitis
Increased risk of pneumonia
Asthma
Reye syndrome
Myositis
Myocarditis
CNS disorders (meningitis)
Pharmacotherapies
Typical
Over the counter (OTC) analgesics for relief of fever and muscle ache
Antitussives for cough
Antibiotics for secondary bacteria infection
For severe symptoms or those at high risk of complications
Neuraminidase inhibitors inhibit enzyme involved in uncaring of virus inside the host cell. Can be used for prophylaxis and treatment.
If not vaccinated, receive vaccine as well
Antiviral treatment should continue for 7 days.