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Herpes Simplex Virus (Type 2 Treated with Antiviral Agents) (Herpes Virus…
Herpes Simplex Virus (Type 2 Treated with Antiviral Agents)
PD Properties
Works inside affected host cells
Are nucleoside analogs- inhibit viral DNA synthesis
Acyclovir and valacyclovir are prototypical
Valacyclovir is metabolized into the active form of acyclovir. Valacyclovir is prescribed to protect acyclovir from first pass metabolism. If acyclovir were given or financial reasons it would need to be given in a higher dose and would cause more side effects.
PK Properties
Absorption: oral bioavailability of acyclovir 10-30%, increases to 70% if given as valacyclovir
Wide volume of distribution
Metabolism is not CYP-related
Elimination: t1/2 of about 2.5 hours; majority of drug eliminated via the kidneys
Herpes Virus Family
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1
Cold sore and genital herpes (although this is less common)
HSV Type 2
Genital herpes
Herpes Zoster
Shingles
Human Herpes Virus 6
Cytomegaloviral infection
Epstein-Barr Virus
Infectious mononucleosis
Herpes Virus 8
Kaposi sarcoma (an opportunistic infection most often seen with HIV)