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Chapter 14:Development and Morpphogenesis (Environmental Complexity (Light…
Chapter 14:Development and Morpphogenesis
Concepts
Morphogenesis
Differentiation
Polarity
Symmetry
Pattern Establishment Mechanism
Environmental Complexity
Light
Direction of light
Duration of light
Gavity
Causes weight stress
The direction of gravity is instead a guide
Touch
Plants don't move but do grow up against stuff thus respond
also Venus Flytraps use touch to get food
Temperature
Vernalization
Temperature can break dormancy
Water
Lets the plants grow
roots grow in all directions but thrive in the direction of the water
Pests and Damage
Plants can detect when being attacked by others
molecular patterns that alert the cells of the plant
Responding to Environmental Stimuli
Tropic Responses
Plagiotropism
Thigmotropism
Chemotropism
Differential Growth
Nastic Responses
Diurnal
Nocturnal
Photonastic
Sleep Movements
Morphogenic Responses
Morphogentic Response
Quality changes
Taxis
Cells swims towards or away from stimulus
good for reproduction
Communication Within the Plant
Perception and Transduction
Statocytes
Statoliths
Presentation time
All-or-none Response
Chemical Messengers
Auxins
Indoleacetic acid (IAA)
Polar Transport
Cytokinins
sugar stimulates cell division
root-shoot coordination
Gibberellins
GA1, GA2,....GA125
complex metabolism
Abscisic Acid
(ABA)
involves many types of stress
Ethylene
Positive feedback system
Climacteric
Other Hormones
Bassinosteriods
Jasmonic Acid
Salicyclic acid
Signal Amplification Cascades
many signals are sent to the nucleates
two hormones may reinforce each other's effect
Alternatives: Simple Bodies and Simple Development in Algae
Unicellular algae
Colonial Green algae
Filamentous body
Laminar bodies
Parechymatous bodies
Activaation and Inhibition of Shoots by Auxin
Cell Elongation
Apical Dominance
Differentiation of Vascular Tissues
Interaction of Hormones in Shoots
apical dominance may involve only the presence or absence of auxin
WUSCHEL which produces a protein that stimulates growth and division
Botany and Beyond: Names of Genes
written in ITALICIZED FULL CAPS where any mutant allele is written in italicized lower case
many genes in multiple plants thus adding a prefix to tell apart
Hormones as Signals of Environmental Factors
Leaf Abscission
hormones communicate to various parts of a plant that information that a particular part has encountered an environmental change
fruits are prevented from abscising prematurely by the presence and export of sufficient amounts of auxin through the pedicel
Tropisms
Blue-light responses
Coleoptile
Flowering
Ripeness to Flower
Juvenile phase
Adult phase and phase change
Photoperiodic Induction to FLower
Photoperiod
Short-day plants
Long-day plants
Day-neutral plants
Endogenous Rhythms and Flowering
Negative feedback loop
entrain
Circadian rhythm
ABC Model of Flower Organization
Homeotic mutation
ABC Model
Plants and People: Environmental Stimuli and Global Climate Change
Climate change is causing our world to rapidly become warmer and wetter
Plants that germinate or bud out solely based on temperatures can take advantage of this longer growing period
other plants are being negatively affected