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Chapter 15: The Civil War (Section 1: The Call to Arms (Taking Sides in…
Chapter 15: The Civil War
Section 1: The Call to Arms
Taking Sides in the War
More States Secede
Not all states liked his call
Lincoln's call let to more states seceding
The Border States
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri
Kentucky was neutral, until attacked by South
Missouri forced to support North
Eastern Maryland under Martial Law
Lincoln declared south's rebelion
Young men were eager to join the war
North Against South
Southern Advantages
War fought in their territory
North's best generals supported South
Northern Advantages
More factories
Higher population
The Two Sides Plan Strategies
Union: gain control of Mississippi R.
Confederacy: defend until Union tired out
Union: blockade seaports
Americans Against Americans
War split families apart
Soldiers as young as 14
People rushed to participate
First Battle of Bull Run
South held firm, and South won the battle
Demand forced McDowell to attack Richmond
A Soldier's Life
Harsh Conditions
Little - no clean water
Easy disease outbreak in camps
Prisoners of War
Overcrowded prison camps
Some camps held more than double its capacity
Section 3: The Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipating the Enslaved
Lincoln wanted to unite the union
Lincoln Changes his Mind
thought that the EP would cause states to secede
wanted to emancipate the slaves from the south
Stopped Britain from recognizing the South as an independent country; Slaves now free
A Famous Proclamation
Enslaved people in the south ONLY (no border states)
Abolitionist said it should have been applied throughout the country
January 1, 1863 - Issues emancipation proclamation
September 22, preliminary proclamation issued
Effects of the Proclamation
Dashed any hopes that Britain would recognize the South’s independence
North and south has support of Af.Am in war
EP changed the Civil War from war to unite into a war to freedom
African-Americans Help the Union
Volunteering for Service
African American soldiers served under white officers
If captured they would be returned to slavery or killed
More than half were former slaves
Emancipation proclamation encouraged African Americans to enlist
189,000 African Americans served
Resisting Slavery
In South they worked slowly/did not work at all
Af.Am. did what they could to help the union
Gave ,military info to North from South
In captured they would go back into slavery or be killed
Black & white sailors served together on warships
Union army/navy
Earned less pay
Most escaped or were freed during the fighting
Took part in 40 major battles & 100s of minor ones
Section 2: Early Years of the War
New Technology in the War
Slow to change tactics
Ironclads
Deadlier tech
The War in the East
General Lee fails to attack Maryland, but fails as McClellan found Lee's battle plans
Attack on Antietam creek had no clear winner
New cautious general McClellan failed to capture Richmond
The War in the West
Grant captured most of the Mississippi R. after Battle of Shiloh
General Grant - Opposite of General McClellan
Section 5: Decisive Battles
The Tide Turns
Confederate Victories
Burnside marched an army of 120,000 men towards Richmond, Virginia
1863 - battle of Chancellorsville, VA; Joseph Hooker (fighting joe) - Union General
The Battle of Gettysburg
85,000 union soldiers battled 75,000 confederate soldiers
the confederate tried to get to the Unions border but only a few hundred reached it, they were immediately driven out
on July 1, confederate soldiers came to gettysburg looking for shoes because they were short on supplies
the confederate tried to get to the Unions border but only a few hundred reached it, they were immediately driven out
3-day battle
The Fall of Vicksburg
Grant performed a siege to win
major turning point of Civil War
Mississippi River = Union control
Lost Port Hudson, LA, the last Confederate control on the MS river
July 4, 1863- retreat from Vicksburg
The Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
Lincoln also gave a speech known as the Gettysburg Address saying that the soldiers who lost their lives will not have died for nothing
15,000 people gathered at the battlefield of the Battle of Gettysburg to honor the soldiers that died in the battle
Closing In on the Confederacy
Grant Versus Lee
Union los 55,000 men; confederates lost 35,000
1864 - Grant began to siege (same tactic as vicksburg)
1864, Grant vs. confederates in Virginia
March to the Sea
Wanted to set Atlanta on fire
On their way to Atlanta Sherman’s army broke railroads, burnt buildings, and stole crops
William Tecumseh Sherman did total war during his march to sea he destroyed atlanta
After they captured Atlanta, Lincoln won a major election against George McClellan
Peace at Last
Surrender at Appomattox
Lee retreated to Appomattox Court House
On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered
The Union broke through Confederate lines on April 2
Grant gave them generous terms: Drop weapons & leave
The War's Terrible Toll
360,000 Union soldiers died
Nearly ½ a million men were injured
260,000 Confederate soldiers died
Many were disfigured for life
United the country and ended slavery
CW was bloodiest conflict US ever fought
Section 4: The Civil War and American Life
Divisions Over the War
Division in the South
Divisions in the North
Dealing with Disruptions
The Draft Laws
The War and Economic Strains
Women in the Civil War