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Human Growth and Development (Life stages (Infancy (Birth to 1 year),…
Human Growth and Development
Growth
spans an individuals lifetime
Begins and birth and ends when you die
Development
Process of becoming fully grown
refers to intellectual differences
Life stages
Infancy
Birth to 1 year
Early Childhood
1-6 years
Middle Adulthood
40-65 years
Late Childhood
6-12 years
Early Adulthood
20-40 years
Adolescence
12-20 years
Late Adulthood
65 years and up
Erik Erickson
Psychoanylist identified 8 stages of development
an individual is not able to resolve a conflict at the appropriate stage in the individuals will struggle with the same conflict later
Infancy
most rapid rate of growth
Physical
6-8 lbs
18-22 inches
2-4 months
lift head, roll side to side, support on arms, grasp objects
4-6 months
turn body, grasp bottle, hold head up
8-10 months
crawl, sing, hand mouth coordination
12 months
walk, throw objects, 10-12 teeth, eye sight gets better
Mentally
respond to discomfort: pain, cold, wet, hungry
2-4 months
cooing and babbling when spoken to
6 months
mama and dada some words
12 months
understand many words and use single words
Emotionally
4-6 months
delight,anger, disgust
12 months
elavation, affection for adults in evident
Socally
4 months
infants recignize their care givers and smile
6 months
watch activities, show positive signs, withdrawl from some people
12 months
shy around strangers, socialize with familiar people, facial expressions, vocal sounds
Early childhood
Physical
age 6, 45 lbs
height 45 inches
skeletal and muscle development
2/4 bladder control and most teeth in
legs and lower body develop quicker
learns to write, draw, use silverware
Mental
vocab is 1500-2500 words
short attention span
recignize letters and some words
ask questions
make decisons based on logic
Emotional
Advanced rapidly
develop self awareness
defy limits
feel impatient, anger, and tantrums
gain more control over emotions 4/6
understand concept of right and wrong
Social
Self centered 1 year old to social 6 year old
fear seperation from parents
gradually put self aside for others
Late Childhood
Physical
weight gain 4-7lbs
height increases 2-3 inches
more motor sensory physical activity
visual acuity at its best
primary teeth are out and permanent grow
Mental
speech skills more complex
reading and writing skills developed
use info to solve problems
memory complex
understand loyalty, honesty, values
Emotional
Emotionas are more under control
10-12 sexual maturation
anxious, nervous, sleep less
Social
7years likes to do thing independant
8-10 years,tend to be group oriented
accept opnions of others
Adolescence
Physical
sudden growth spurt in weigth and height
muscle coordination slows down
puberty
Mental
increase in knowledge and sharpening skills
learn to make decisions and responsibilty
Emotional
stormy in conflict
feel inadequate and insecure
worry about appearane and others
Social
spending less tie with family and more peers
seel security in people their own age
appproval of others develop self confidence
toward the end, more mature, and adult behavior toward the end
Needs of adolescence
anorexia nervosia
disorder where a person drastically reduces food intake and reduses to eat. Results in weight loss and metabolic disturbances
Bulmia
disorder in which binging and fasts, and refuses to eat
Bulimarexia
person induces vomiting and laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten
Chemical Abuse
use of substanves and the development of physical and mental dependance of chemical
Suicide
one of the leading causes of death in adolescence
call for attention, still help
permanent solution to temporary problems
Early Adulthood
Physcial
complete,and child bearing time
Mental
persue additional edu or career change
idependant, make career choice, life style, partner
Emotional
Many stresses
find satisfaction with acheivments
learn to accept critisms, learn from mistakes
Social
moving away from peer groups
hang around with people with similar intersts
becomes involved with a mate
Middle Adulthood
Physical
hair begins to thin and grey
skin is wrinkled
weight gain
visual acuity decreases
hearing loss
Mental
Mental ability decreases
acquire an understanding of life
more confidence in decisions
Emotional
period of contentment and satisfaction
emotional foundation
Social
depend of family and work relationships
husband and wives begin to seperate
Late adulthood
Memory loss
skin, dry, wrinkle,thinner
decrease in hearing, vision, temp
kidney and bladder decrease
Mental
short term memory fades
altehimers disease
arterisclerosis
emotional
some cope well, others get depressed
Social
can lead to low self esteem
development of new social contacts
Death and dying
final stage of life
no one can escape it
Dr Elisabeth Kubler Ross
leading expert of death and dying
developed 5 stages of greif
denial
cannot accept reality
Anger
no longer denying come hostile
Bargaining
accept death but want more
Depression
realizes death is coming and is sad
Acceptance
understand they are going to die
Hospice
pallative care
allows a patient to die with dignity and in the comfort of their own home
Right To Die
ethical issue that must be addressed by HCW
patient gets right to die
death is a part of life
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
lower needs must be met first before moving up
motavate someone to act to get the needs satisfied
Direct and indirect methods