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Muscular System (Structure (myofilaments- bonds of proteins that compose…
Muscular System
Structure
muscles are composed of long, cylindrical cells
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sarcoplasmic reticulum: a system of tubes that stores and transports large amounts of the calcium needed for muscle contraction
Overview
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Over half of the body's mass is composed of muscle tissue and over 90% of this muscle tissue is involved in skeletal movement
Contractile cells-cells with a specialized cell membrane and cytoskeleton that permits them to change shape
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Musculature
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gross muscle shapes
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serratus-saw tooth-shaped; involved in short movements of the arms, rib cage, and shoulders; typically a deep muscle shape
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Muscle Cell Contraction
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Troponin also activates ATP synthesis, which provides the body with energy that pulls the thick myofilament across the thin myofilament. This, in turn, shortens the sacromere.
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Aging
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muscle requires a high protein turnover- rate at which the cell replaces damaged proteins to maintain the muscle cell fibrils
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loss of muscle mass can be compounded by a decline in hormones and their chemical messengers needed for muscle cell maintenance
insulin like growth factor- needed for muscle cell growth, maintenance, and repair
cytokine- immune system chemical that causes muscle cell atrophy;higher in the elderly population due to an increased incidence or disease
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