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A case study of an EDC migration- Brazil (Historical context (Owned by…
A case study of an EDC migration- Brazil
what is Brazil's geo situation
Location
South America
Alantic ocean
borders 10 countries
Capital: Brasilia
Economy
8th largest econ in world
$15,600 GDP
part of G20
one of the so-called BRICS group of emerging countries
Physical Feature
Amazon rainforest majority of the landmass
Social chara
pop is 6th largest in the world
Biggest + most populous country in South America
Main religion: Roman Cath
Historical context
Owned by Spain + Portugal (1500-1880s)
discovered by Columbus (in terms of european knowledge) (1500)
Portuguese tried to enslave Natives
Portuguese then brought African Slaves
used slaves to harvest sugar etc.
Farmers moved inland to find more fertile soils
Europeans were attracted to work in the agricultural sector (sugar)
independence in Sep 7 1822
Current migration patterns in and out of Brazil
internal migration
Push factors
(north east) 80% farming land owen by 10% of the farmers
struggle to earn a good living
Mechanisation- less need for work
Water supply is poor
North east Brazil to San Palo
Pull
able to send children to school
better health care
growing industry
Water
Disadvantages
not enough space in schools + health care
crimes
Urban growth
cities expanding
Internation: Haiti
finatial stability
1000 work visa month
earthquake 2010 in Haiti
lack of economic opportunity in Haiti
young professionals
last 10 yrs. amount of workers are double
foreign worker 57% in last decade
20% higher house price compared to Manhattan
impact of migration
Economic dev.
Waves of immigration in diff period have contributed to the growth in agriculture + manufacturing sectors
Recent arrivals highly skilled professionals with employment contracts contributed to entrepreneurship + reducing gaps labour market
Emigration to countries like US has resulting in migrant remittances
Used by families in
housing improvements
education
general consumption
has contributed to dev. at all scales
Remittances resulted in $2.4 bil in 2014 (0.1% of GDP
political stability
Has a stable + democratic gov.
leading member of Mercosur
important of G20 + OECD
1 of the so-called BRICS groups of emerging economies
Mercosur has helped South America integration + promotion of pol stability
There is stable pol relationships between Brazil and the countries it has signif bilateral migrant flows (e.g. USA etc.)
Is an important receiver of environmental + pol refugees + as a pol responsible gov. accepts responsibility for their welfare + employment by providing visas + work permits
Social equality
Are inequalities in Brazilian society between diff ethnic groups
exist in:
housing provision
access to services
education attainment
income
Brazilians of African descent most affected
Spatial perspective
poverty concentrated in:
rural areas
in the favelas
Is prejudice and discrimination in labour markets
especially against black and indigenous pop
This impedes their full economic, political and social dev.