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SC Supreme Court (Effectiveness and influence of racial rights campaigns,…
SC Supreme Court
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Affirmative Action
AA introduced by Kennedy as way of goig beyond legal and constitutional equality that was established by 14th and 15th amendments and Brown v Board of Eduacation 1954. It provides additional benefits to groups who had been historically discriminatinated against
Provided additional benefits to groups who have been historically discriminated against - common in to award ing places at uni, employement
Public policy of AA could be seen as major factor in rise of educational standards + growth of black middle classes in US. Without this assistance patterns of ineqaluity would be continued . Many states such as California, Texas and Michigan have ended AA - several states the provsion of AA has been challenged by state initiatives
Court cases that have undermined AA: University of California v Bakke 1978 (effectivley ended use of quotas), Fisher v University of Texas 2013 (ordered strict scruntiny of Uni of Texas's use of AA), Schuette v Coalition to Defend AA 2014 (rejected a challenge to Michigan's right to end AA using state initiative)
For - needed to improve the socio-economic status of minorities - It's helped close the gaps in education and income between racial groups
For- it helps reduce racist attitudes by helping overcome de facto segregation - greater interaction between racial groups can overcome prejudice
Against - form of racial discrimination - cause of racism not a solution to it and could argue = unconstitutional breaking 14th amendment
Against - has the wrong focus on college education and jobs, not on early years - by the time kids grow up their life chances have already been damaged by poor education and social surroundings
Against - AA has not worked - racial inequality still persists today. Despite AA there is a major gap between racial groups in the top colleges
For - it works - where AA has been ended there's been a decline in racial minority enrolment in top colleges
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