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Dewey (Article 4 The Nature of Method (“I believe that the question of…

- - - - “I believe once more that history is of educative value in so far as it presents phases of social life and growth. It must be controlled by reference to social life. When taken simply as history it is thrown into the distant past and becomes dead and inert. Taken as the record of man's social life and progress it becomes full of meaning. I believe, however, that it cannot be so taken excepting as the child is also introduced directly into social life” (p.6)
      - “Curricula are of a laboratory nature, constantly open to experimentation, and therefore, fairly unstable and unpredictable. But their function is to stimulate interest and the effective use of thinking. Educational experience is real, it is happening „here and now”, and reality, according to progressivists, is changeable; it evolves. Therefore, the task of the experimental method is not to deduce the existing knowledge, but rather to induce pupils’ own ideas and to create knowledge. Values in progressivism, unlike their understanding in the previous two currents, are recognized as dynamic, temporary and changeable.” (Kostylo p.27)
- - - - “Without insight into the psychological structure and activities of the individual, the educative process will, therefore, be haphazard and arbitrary.
      - “I believe that knowledge of social conditions, of the present state of civilization, is necessary in order properly to interpret the child's powers. The child has his own instincts and tendencies, but we do not know what these mean until we can translate them into their social equivalents.” (p.2)