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Findings 5 Perennialism (Invitation to the pain of learning (“What lies…

- - - - “The student who reads both Plato and Aristotle and does not recognize the obligation to decide between them on crucial points is not learning from the past, but merely about it” (29)
      - “If the reading of the great books is merely for the sake of making liberal artists of the students, they will end by being sophisticated, but not learned or wise” (29)
      - “If the reading of the great books is merely for the sake of making liberal artists of the students, they will end by being sophisticated, but not learned or wise” (29)
      - “Only when independence of judgment is encouraged (more, demanded), must docility be cultivated. Textbooks and lectures elicit memorization and, with it, instill subservience” (30)
        
        “Hence it is likely to be the case that their lectures or textbooks are condensations or repetitions of other textbooks and lectures, rather than magnificent renditions of the tradition” (30)
      - “At one extreme are those who claim that history is irrelevant to the study of philosophy. Curiously enough, these are usually the same people who try to teach philosophy systematically, out of textbooks or manuals. Philosophical knowledge consists of a set of doctrines which are timelessly true and which, therefore, can be expounded without any regard for the historical accidents of cultural time and place” (31)
        
        “There are two major steps in reading: interpretation and criticism. One must do one's best to understand an author before agreeing or disagreeing with him” (32)
- - - - “Without thinking, the kind of learning which transforms a mind, gives it new insights, enlightens it, deepens understanding, elevates the spirit simply cannot occur.” (Adler, 1989, p. 35)