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Tumours (Osteoblastoma (Found in spine, proximal humerus, sacrum, Spine…
Tumours
Osteoblastoma
Found in spine, proximal humerus, sacrum
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Red Flags
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Lump present: tender, enlarging, deep to fascia
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Osteoid Osteoma
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Affects proximal femur, tibial diaphysis, spine
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Osteosarcoma
High Grade
Found in knee, proximal humerus, proximal femur
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Treatment
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Without treatment, will be fatal
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Fibrous Dysplasia
Progressive in children, non progressive in adults
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Ewing's Sarcoma
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Treat with chemo, radiotherapy and surgical excision
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Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Masses are malignant if they are >5cm of size, deep to fascia, enlarge + are painful
Treat with chemo, radiotherapy and surgery
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Staging
Malignant Tumours
G1 = Low grade malignant, moderate differentiation, few mitoses, local spread only, low risk of metastasis
G2 = High grade malignant, poorly differentiated, frequent mitoses, high risk of metastasis
G0 = Histologically benign, low mitotic count, well differentiated (resembles cell of origin)
Benign Tumours
Grade 2, Active = Progressive growth is limited by natural barriers, well defined margin but may expand + thin cortical bone
Grade 3, Aggressive = Growth is not limited by natural barriers, metastasis presents in 5% of patients, high recurrence following marginal resection
Grade 1, Latent = Well defined margin, grows slowly then stops, may heal spontaneously
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