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CHAPTER 4 (Angular Motion (Torque (Is caused by an eccentric force -> a…
CHAPTER 4
Angular Motion
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The axis of rotation can be real or imaginary, internal (joints) or external (centre of gravity)
Torque
Is caused by an eccentric force -> a force which does not act through an object's centre of gravity and cause objects to rotate and move forwards
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The lever arm is the perpendicular distance form the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force
Torques cause rotation about an axis and cause angular acceleration; the greater the torque, the greater the angular acceleration
The size of the torque is determined by two factors: the length of the lever arm and the size of the applied force
Angular distance
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A gymnast performing 1 1/2 giant circles of the high bar, the angular distance covered is the sum of the angular distance of one full rotation (360) plus half a rotation (180). The total angular distance is 540
Angular displacement
Is the difference between the initial and the final angular position of an object; the direction of the angular motion needs to be considered
The gymnast performing 1 1/2 hint circles, the initial position is taken as 0, the final position is 540, so the angular displacement is 180
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Angular acceleration
The rate of change of angular velocity, or how quickly a body changes its angular position
Can be positive, negative or zero
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Linear Motion
Is the movement of a body along a straight or curved (not around an axis) path where all body parts move in the same direction at the same speed.
Linear distance
measures the path traveled from start to finish, regardless of direction
Linear displacement
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When measuring displacement, the direction of motion is important
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Acceleration
Refers to a change in velocity in a given period of time (change in velocity divided by change in time)
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Being able to accelerate in the first part of a sprint means the athlete can reach their top speed quickly, then maintain it until the end of the race
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When acceleration = 0, means that object is no longer speeding up or slowing down and will have a constant velocity
Projectile Motion
An object or body that is launched into the air and affected only by the forces of gravity and air resistance can be considered a projectile
In many sports the athlete must often project themselves into the air and then complete a movement or sequence of movements
Vertical component
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Gravity is a force that acts on all bodies close to the Earth's surface, causing objects to accelerate towards the Earth
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If the object is thrown and caught at the same height, the final speed will be the same as the initial speed
Horizontal component
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Without air resistance, the horizontal velocity of a projectile would remain the same
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