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Constitutional reform since 1997 (New Labour 1997-2010 (Modernisation…
Constitutional reform since 1997
Context
Early 20th century
Peaceful and pragmatic evolution
Later 20th century
Charter 88
Constitutional change
Embraced by Labour in 1979
New Labour 1997-2010
Modernisation
House of Lords Act 1999
Abolished all but 92 hereditary peers
No political party has overall majority
Failures to PMQs
2009 Reform of the HoC Comittee
Select committee chairs elected by backbenchers
Business committee weekly
Petition committee
Democratisation
1998 Jenkins Report
Replacing FPTP with AV
Decentralisation
Elected mayor of London
Local authorities
Rights
Human Rights Act 1998
Enshrined most provisions of ECHR
Right to life
Right to liberty and personal security
Forced derogeration after 9/11
Right to fair trial
Cannout automatically overturn legislation
Asymmetric devolution
Scotland
Primary legislation
Scotland Act 2012
West Lothian question
Wales
Weaker than Scotland
Secondary legislation only
Northern Ireland
Similar to Scotland but no tax raising powers
Judiciary
Constitutional Reform Act
Supreme Court
Enhanced separation
Reduced role of lord chancellor
The coalition and constitutional reform 2010 - 2015
Fixed - term Parliaments Act 2011
Fixed general elections
Politically advantageous times
The Scotland Act 2012
Vary income tax by 10 pence
Regulation of controlled drugs
Borrow £2.2bn
The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
Greater protection
Oversight of surveillance
House of Lords Reform Act 2014
Right to retire or resign
54 peers
Wales Act 2014
Response to Silk Commission
Control of smaller taxes
Approval of Parliament for lower - level taxes
Failed
Reduce number of MPs
Equalise size of constituency
Establish greater power of local government
The Conservatives and constitutional reform, 2015 onwards
Manifesto
Few promises regarding constitutional reform
Practice
Delivered in first two years
Scottish government
Greater fiscal autonomy
Scotland Act 2016
Wales Act 2017
Tax raising powers
Cementing primary authority
English Votes for English Laws