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otic drugs (otocain (benzocaine) (mechanism of actions (a local anesthetic…
otic drugs
otocain (benzocaine)
mechanism of actions
a local anesthetic that block nerve conduction in the autonomic, sensory, and motor nerve fibers.
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indications
adults, elderly, childrens older than 2 year. instill 4-5 dropsinto external ear canal of affected ears. repeat 1-2 hour as needed
contra indication
hypersensitivity to benzocaine or ester-type local anesthetics perforated tympanic membrane or ear discharge (otic preparation)
side effect
occasional. burning, stinging, angiooedema, contact dermatitis, taste disorders.
storage condition
store at room temperature. topical sprays are inflammable and contents under pressure. do not use near fire or flame or expose to high heat.
route of administration
topical dermal use: follow direction of manufacturers product. clean area before applying topical benzocaine.
for external use only. if using aerosol, hold 6-12 inches away from the affected area. if applying to the face, spray to the palm of hand and the apply to the affected area.
dexamethasone
mecanism of action
a long-acting glucorticoid that inhibit accumulation of inflammatory cells at inflammation sites, phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme release synthesis and release immediators of inflammatory,
indications
anti-inflammatory
PO/IV/IM
adult, elderly. 0,75-9 mg/day in divided doses q6-12h.
children. 0,08-0,3 mg/kg/day in divided doses q6-12h.
contraindication
active untreated systemic infections; fungal, tubercolosis, or viral diseases of the ear.
side effects
frequent, inhalation: cough, dry mouth, throat irritation.ophthalmic: blurred vion.
systemic:insomia, facial swelling.
occasional inhalation: localised infection, such as thrush. ophthalmic: decrease vision, watery eyes. systemic dizziness.
rare:inhalation: increased bronchospasm. systemic: pain, redness
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route of administation
oral, take oral dexamethasone with milk or foods. take it as doctor prescribed, do not increase or decrease dosage
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hydrocortisone
mechanism of action
an adrenocortical steroid that inhibits the accumulation of inflammatory cells at inflammation sites, phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme release and synthesis and release of immediator of inflammatory.
indication
adults, children. apply topical product of choice to the effected area as a thin film 2 or 3 times a daily depending on the severity of the condition.
contraindication
fungal, tuberculosis, or viral skin lesions; serious infection.
side effect
frequent: insomia, heartburn, nervousness, delayed wound healing.
occasional: headache, edema, change in skin colour.
rare: tachycardia, rash and hives.
topical: allergic contact dermatitis.
systemic: absorption more likey with use of occlusion dressing or extensive application in young children
storage
store in a room temperature. after reconstitution, use within 72h.
administration
topical, gently cleanse area before applying drug: apply after bath for best absorption
neomycin sulfate
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indications
irrigation, topical. adults, elderly, children. usual dosage, apply to affected area 1-3 times/day
contraindication
hypersensitivity to neomycin, other aminoglycosides(cross-sensitivity), or their component; patient with interstinal stricture, any inflammatory
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administration
topical; continues to take neomycin for a full course of treatment, and space doses evenly around the clock.
side effect
irreversable ototoxicity(dizziness and impaired vision) and neurotoxicity(as evidenced by headach, lethargy, tremor, and visual disturbance) occur occasionally.
severe respiratory depression and anaphylaxis.
superinfections, particularlyt fungal infection, may occur.