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PHARMACOLOGY
Exam 2 (GI Drugs (Antiemetics (anticholinergic (scopolamine)…
PHARMACOLOGY
Exam 2
Respiratory Drugs
Upper Respiratory
Antihistamines
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Traditional
diphenhydramine
IMP
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-
-
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CI rt anticholinergics
(glaucoma, BPH, PUD)
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-
-
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Decongestants
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Anticholinergic
NASAL
ipratroprium
IMP
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CI rt anticholinergics
(glaucoma, BPH, PUD)
-
MOA
topical application to inside of nose removes parasympathetic stimulation, shrinking blood vessels
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Antitussives
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Non-Opioid
dextromethorphan
IMP
less sedation than opioid, but still need to watch for CNS
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-
-
-
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Lower Respiratory
Bronchodilators
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Anticholinergics
ipratroprium
IMP
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CI rt anticholinergics
(glaucoma, BPH, PUD)
if used with SABA, give after SABA but before steroid
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MOA
block ACH receptors on surface of bronchial tree, decreased parasympathetic stimulation
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Xanthine Derivatives
theophylline
SE
identical to caffeine SE
(anxiety, tachycardia, NV, seizures, arrhythmia, tremor)
MOA
prevents breakdown of cAMP so that it is excreted more slowly
(cAMP relaxes smooth muscle)
also stims CNS to stim resp drive
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-
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NSAID/Anti-Gout Drugs
NSAID
"analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory"
AS A CLASS
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IMP
CI
bleeding risk
preg c for 1+2, d for 3
-
-
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COX-2 inhibitor
celecoxib
developed because fewer GI issues, but has more CV issues
acetic acid derivative
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ketorolac
primarily analgesic, comparable to morphine
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salycilate
acetylsalycilic acid
TOXICITY
hearing loss/tinnitus is first sign
metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation
sweating
glucose changes
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Anti-Gout
colchicine
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IMP
:red_flag:
HIGH ALERT MEDICATION
OD - weakness, pale gray lips tongue and hands, bleeding/bruising
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-
SE
GI/GU bleeds
diarrhea, NV
agranulocytosis
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-
GI Drugs
Stomach Acid Drugs
Antacids
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-
-
:!:
do NOT stop acid production, rather neutralize acid that is already present
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-
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Bowel Drugs
Laxatives
Bulk Forming
psyllium
MOA
absorbs water into intestine, raises bulk, distending wall and triggering evacuation reflex
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-
-
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Antiemetics
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cannabinoids
dronabinol
ED
- change positions slowly dt orthostatic hypotension
- give 1-3h pre chemo
- grapefruit raises toxicity
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-
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-
-
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OTC
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Vitamins & Minerals
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Calcium
MOA
mainly in bones and teeth
plays role in clotting reactions
maintains nervous, muscular, skeletal system
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Vitamin A
fat soluble
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MOA
skin/eyes
normal cell growth + differentiation
G+D of bones, teeth, reproduction, integrity mucosal and epithelial surfaces
cholesterol and steroid synthesis
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