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Henry VIII Foreign Policy (1514 - 1526 (By the end of 1514 Henry had run…
Henry VIII Foreign Policy
1509 - 1514
Renewal of the Treaty of Etaples
Henry used by Ferdinand of Aragon, who invaded southwest France with him but conquered Navarre behind his back
Henry led a force to northeastern France, where he won the Battle of Spurs and captured Therouanne and Tournai. Propaganda victory
Battle of Flodden 1513, defeated scottish army. James IV killed, leaving the scottish throne to the hands of an infant.
Henry did little to build on the advantage that Flodden had given him.
Nothing gained from 1513 military ventures:
The war was costly and Henry was forced to liquidate assets inherited from his father to pay for it
Rumblings about taxation in Yorkshire which came close to being a full scale revolt.
Renegotiated French Pension
Tournai eventually sold back to the French
1514 - 1526
England remained a relatively minor power, couldn't compete with France and Spain on level terms.
Henry significantly overestimated foreign power - Wolsey had to frame the details of foreign policy based on that false assumption
'Auld alliance' between Scotland and France remained strong - clashes between one country led to heightened tensions with the other
By the end of 1514 Henry had run out of money
Unable to exploit Scottish weakness after Flodden
Sought peace with France, the settlement being reinforced by the marriage of his younger sister Mary to the French king, Louis XII, which was short lived.
Wolsey was successful in ending England's isolation - Treaty of London = emerged as the leading diplomat in Western Europe. Against Ottoman Turks.
Wolsey appointed as papal legate by the pope. Wolsey at the height of his power in 1518
Field of the Cloth of Gold
Extravagant and expensive diplomatic encounter - little came of it, tensions between Francis I and Charles V, Henry had motives to side with Charles.
English armies invaded northern France in 1522 and 1523,which gained little but were costly.
1527 - 40
Failure of Henry to solve his Great Matter emphasises the extent to which England remained a relatively minor power.
1540 - 47