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Chapter 7 Power and Politics (Tactics (Inspirational Appeals: Appealing…
Chapter 7
Power and Politics
Power:
A capacity that A has to influence the behaviour of B so that B acts in accordance with A's wishes
Bases of Power
Coercive Power: Power that is based on fear
Legitimate Power: Power based on relative position in the organizational hierarchy
Reward Power: Power based on the ability to provide benefits or rewards to people
Expert Power: Power based on a persons experience and knowledge
Referent Power: You like the person and enjoy doing things for him or her
Information Power: The person has data or knowledge that you need
Evaluating Bases of Power
Commitment: The person is enthusiastic about the request and carries the task out
Compliance: The person goes along with the request grudgingly, putting in minimal effort
Resistance: The person is opposed to the request and tries to avoid it
Dependency:
B's relationship to A when A possesses something that B needs
The Key to Power
Importance: The things you control must be important
Scarcity: A resource must be perceived as scarce
Non-subtituability: The resource cannot be substituted with something else
Tactics
Rational Persuasion: Using facts and data to make logical arguments for a point of view
Inspirational Appeals: Appealing to values, ideals and goals when making a request
Effectiveness
Rational Persuasion, inspirational appeals and consultation- more effective
Pressure- counter forces
Increase success by employing more than one tactic as long as its congruent
Consultative: Getting other involved in an effort to support ones objectives
Ingratiation: Using flattery, creating goodwill, and being friendly prior to making a request
Personal Appeals: Appealing to loyalty and friendship when asking for something
Exchange: Offering favours or some kind of benefit in exchange for what you want
Coalitions: Getting the support of other people to provide backing when making a request
Pressure: Using demands, threats and/or other forms of intimidation or pressure to get someone to do something
Legitimacy: Claiming authority or the right to make a request or demand, or showing that it supports organizational goals or policies
Empowerment
Conditions
There must be a clear definition of the values and mission of the company
Company must help employees acquire the relevant skills
Employees need to be supported in their decision making, and not criticized when they try to do something extraordinary
Employees need to be recognized for their efforts
Characteristics
Sense of self-determination: Employees are free to choose how to do their work; they are not micromanaged
Sense of meaning: Employees feel that their work is important to them; they care about what they are doing
Sense of competence: Employees are confident about their ability to do their work well; they know they can preform
Sense of impact: Employees believe they can have influence on their work until; others listen to their ideas