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Module 34-36 Notes (Pictures/Diagrams (download), Module 34, Module 35,…
Module 34-36 Notes
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Cognition is all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Concept is a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
We often form our concepts by developing prototypes which are a mental image or best example of a category.
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Creativity is the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable, creative moment.
Narrowing the available problem solving solutions to determine the single best solution is convergent thinking.
Divergent thinking is expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions.
Expertise: well-developed knowledge- furnishes the ideas, images, and phrases we use as mental building blocks.
Imaginative thinking skills: provide the ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, and to make connections.
Venturesome personality: seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles.
Intrinsic motivation is the quality of being driven more by interest, satisfaction, and challenge than by external pressures.
Creative environment sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas.
An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
Heuristic is a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problem efficiently; usually speedier.
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Confirmation bias is a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
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Mental set is a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
Intuition is an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
Representativeness heuristic estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent.
Overconfidence the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement.
Belief perseverance clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
Language our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Phoneme in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
Morpheme is in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word/part of a word.
Grammar is the rules, the system in language that separates it from all others.
Babbling stage beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech develops in which infants make sounds to respond.
The one-word stage is when the speech develops from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in a single word.
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Telegraphic stage the child speaks in mostly nouns and verbs, sounds like a telagram.
Aphasia is impairment in language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or Wernicke's area.
