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British Politics (Westminster Model (Long - standing British experience…

- - - - Political leadership
        
        Depends on skill
      - National leadership
      - Appointing the government
      - Chairing the Cabinet
        
        QUAD decisions
      - Managing executive
  - - - House of Commons
        
        Predominant chamber
        
        Legitimacy
        
        Directly elected
        
        Accountable
        
        Exclusive powers
        
        Lords can only delay for one year
        
        Dismiss through no confidence
        
        Conventions
        
        Lords should not oppose manifesto bills
      - House of Lords
  - - - Control of legislative agenda
      - Secondary legislation
      - Prerogative powers
        
        Exercised by ministers
    - - Select committees
        
        Scrutinise policy and admin
        
        Recommendations are taken
        
        Committee chair elections
      - Backbench business
        
        Non - government MPs
        
        'urgent questions'
      - Backbench rebellions
        
        Withdraw or amend
      - Weakening of prerogative powers
      - An assertive House of Lords
        
        No party majority
  - - - Scotland retains a separate system
      - Supreme Court, 2009
        
        Constitutional significance
        
        Relative powers of devolution
        
        Cannot strike down Acts off Parliament
        
        The Human Rights Act, 1998
        
        Pursue ECHR cases in UK courts
        
        Declaration of incompatability
      - EU Membership
        
        Precedence over national laws
        
        National law may conflict
        
        Former must be changed
        
        Factortame case
      - Extension of judicial review
        
        Human Rights Act
        
        EU Membership
        
        Determine whether government has operated beyond authority
        
        Increasing tensions
        
        Deportation
        
        Immigration
- - - - Human Rights Act 1988?
        
        ECHR into statute law
        
        New legislation must be compatible
        
        Amend or appeal
    - - EU Membership?
        
        EU law has precedent over domestic British law
        
        BUT parliament could leave EU
        
        e.g. removal of national veto
    - - Referendums?
        
        Popular sovereignty
        
        Advisory rather than binding