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Evolution Of Management (Henri Fayol’s Principles of Management…

- - - - Gantt chart: Indicates which tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete a project or task
        
        Max Weber is the father of Bureaucracy. Weber also devised seven elements that characterize bureaucracies
        
        Qualification-Based Hiring
        
        Merit-Based Promotions
        
        Chain of command
        
        Division of labor
        
        Impartial application of rules and procedures
        
        Recorded in writing
        
        Managers separate from owners
        
        Bureaucracy: Exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience
- - - - Sun Tzu Used Identifying Opponents weaknesses to achieve goals
        
        Cyrus, Cato, Diocletian developed human relations, job descriptions and delegations of leadership respectively.
        
        Barbarigo developed different organizational forms or structures
        
        al-Farabi developed leadership traits
        
        Ghazali developed Managerial Traits
- - - - Third:
        Heartily cooperate with the men so as to ensure all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of the science that has been
        developed
        
        Fourth:
        There is almost an equal division of the work and the responsibility between the management and the workforce. The management take over all of the work for which they are better fitted than the rest of the workforce, while in the past, almost all of the work and the greater part of the responsibility were thrown upon the workforce.
- - - - Developed a time study, timing the best workers how long it takes to complete their jobs.
- - - - Integrative conflict resolution: Both parties indicate their preferences and work together to find an alternative that meets both their needs
- - - - Quality control, forecasting techniques, and capacity planning
      - Productivity measurement and improvement
      - Linear programming
      - Scheduling and inventory systems
      - Work measurement techniques
      - Project management
      - Cost-benefit analysis
- - - - Closed systems: Sustain themselves without interacting with their environments
      - Open systems: Sustain themselves only by interacting with their environments