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Chemistry revision Topic 2: States of matter (Liquid (Randomly arranged,…
Chemistry revision Topic 2: States of matter
Solid
Strong forces of attraction between particles
Not much energy so doesn't move from position and just vibrates
Regular lattice arrangement
As temperature increases, particles vibrate more, so expand
Liquid
Randomly arranged
Free to pass each other but tend to stick close together
Weak forces of attraction
Definite volume but not definite shape
Flow to the bottom of a container
Constantly moving with a random motion
Hotter the liquid gets, the faster the particles move, expanding
More energy than a solid but more than a gas
Gas
Very weak forces of attraction
Constantly moving with a random motion
Travels in a straight line until they collide with something, exerting pressure
Most of gas is actually empty space as the particles are very far apart
No definite shape or volume
Will always fill any container
Hotter the gas gets, the faster the particles move
More frequently they hit walls or a container
Pressure of the gas to increase or the volume of the gas to increase if the container isn't sealed
Changes of state
Only the arrangement and energy of the particles change, not the particles them self
Physical changes
can be undone by heating or cooling a substance
Chemical changes happen during chemical reactions where bonds between atoms break and atoms change place