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Natural Selection (Types (Directional (1 extreme phenotype is more fit…
Natural Selection
Types
Directional
1 extreme phenotype is more fit than all others
Disruptive
both extreme phenotypes are more fit than those in the middle
Stabilizing
intermediate phenotypes are more fit than extreme ones
Speciation
Allopatric
caused by geographic separation
lead to geminate species
Sympatric
lead to separate traits
behavioral divergence
Plants
errors in meiosis
cause tetraploid plant
might only be able to reproduce w/ others
Genetic Drift
random changes in a population
more likely in a small population
Bottleneck Effect
major disaster kills off most of the population
those that survive are by random chance
Mechanism for evolution
variation
differences in genetic codes
mutations
chemicals
radiation
mistakes in replicating
Founder Effect
by random chance
small group starts a new population
loss of alleles
Convergent evolution
organism not closely related
evolve similar traits b/c of similar environments or niches