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Chemistry revision Topic 3: Acids (Concentration (Higher concentration of…
Chemistry revision Topic 3: Acids
Acids(1-6) in solutions are sources of hydrogen ions
Alkali(8-14) in solution are sources of hydroxide ions
Neutral solution(7)
Concentration
Higher concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic solution, lower the pH
Concentration increases by 10, pH of solution decreases by 1
Higher concentration of hydroxide ions in alkali solution, higher the pH
Core practical: pH increases slowly when an alkali is added to an acidic solution, then a sudden change as you approach neutral.
Dilute:
An acid with a small amount of acid molecules compared to the volume of water
Concerntrated:
An acid with a large amount of acid molecules compared to the volume of water
Alkalis are soluble bases
Strength
Weak acid:
Partially ionise in water
Only some acid molecules dissociate, releasing hydrogen ions.
Citric acid, carbonic acids, carboxylic acids: ethanoic acid
Strong acid:
Most acid particles dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions
Ionise almost completely in water
Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid