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Haemorrhoids (Anatomy (They're attached by smooth muscle and elastic…
Haemorrhoids
Anatomy
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Effects of gravity, increased anal tone and straining at stool makes them loose - protruding to form piles
The 3 anal cushions are positioned where the 3 major arteries feeding the vascular plexuses enter the canal
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The anus is lined with discontinuous masses of spongy vascular tissue = anal cushions. These contribute to anal closure
There are no sensory fibres above the dentate line so they are not painful unless they thrombose on protrusion
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Treatment
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Surgery
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Surgical complications: constipation, infection, stricture, bleeding
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Aetiology
Congestion from a pelvic tumour, pregnancy or portal hypertension
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