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Genes and the Genetic Basis of Metabolism (DNA DNA-Structure1…
Genes and the Genetic Basis of Metabolism
RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Combine with proteins to make up Ribosomes.
Transfer RNA
Bring Amino acids to ribosome.
Messenger RNA
Carry instructions from DNA to Ribosome.
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
Proteins
Regulation
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Non-coding RNAs
DNA Cloning
The production of large numbers of identical copies of DNA, usually by inserting it into bacteria and allowing them to multiply.
DNA Denaturation
The process of breaking the hydrogen bonds in DNA until one molecule separates from the complementary molecule.
DNA Hybridization
the slow cooling of a mixture of short DNA molecules such that complementary strands encounter each other and hydrogen bond into double helices.
Genes
DNA sequence describing a discrete unit of inheritance.
Allele
Alternate forms of gene.
Dominant Allele
Determines phenotype when present in cell.
Represented by Uppercase letter. (AA)
Recessive Allele
Determines phenotype in homozygous state.
Represented by Lowercase letter. (aa)
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
DNA synthesized with reverse transcription
Structural region
Intron
A portion of the structural region of a gene whose information is not translated into protein, but is removed and digested from hnRNA
Exon
The portions of the structural region of a gene whose information is actually translated into protein
Enzymes Used
Restriction Endonucleases
Enzymes that recognize specific sites in DNA double helices, then cut the two strands in complementary sites.
Reverse Transcriptase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA using RNA as a template.
DNA Ligase
An enzyme that can attach two strands of DNA to each other, repairing nicks and linking Okazaki fragments into complete molecules of DNA.
Ribosomes
An organelle responsible for protein synthesis, consisting of a large subunit and a small subunit.
Stop Codon
A codon in mRNA that indicates the end of information for protein synthesis.
Start Codon
A codon in mRNA that indicates the beginning of information for protein synthesis.
