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MEXICO (Independence/New Country (Time Period (1810-1911, Spain recognized…

- - - - After the Spanish left and took their hierarchy, reorganizing the government was hard
    - - Instablitity invited military control
        
        Famously exercised by Santa Anna- a military general and president of Mexico
    - - The U.S quickly noticed of the souths struggles and soon began to claim lands
        
        By 1855, Mexico had lost half its territory to the US-what is now Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, etc
    - - 1810 revolution toward democracy
      - 1810 Military's attempt to establish authoritarianism
      - Constitution of 1857 was set on democratic principles
      - Benito Juarez- liberal president
      - 1864-1867 Conservatism was reflected in French, English, Spanish take over of Mexico under Maximilian
- - - - Diaz lied and served 34 years instead
  - - - Dictatorship allowed no sharing of political power beyond the elite
    - - Cientificos encouraged entrepreneurship and foreign investment
        
        Resulting in growth of business and industry
    - - When the Diaz, one of Jurez's generals, stage came to an end- his dictatorship brought stable government to Mexico
    - - The introduction of wealth didn't insure all would benefit
        
        Many elite became very wealthy
        
        Most people in Mexico remained poor
    - - Diaz regime ended with a coup from the inside, sparking the Revolution of 1910
- - - - To try and unseat Diaz, caudiolls rose to challenge one an other for power
      - Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, two popular leaders, led peasant armies to establish another dimension to the rebellion
      - Many caudillos and followers were assassinated and violently killed in competition among leaders
      - Around each leader, a patron-client system emerged that encompassed a large number of citizens
    - - Represented end of revolution
      - Although, did not being an end to violence, it set up a democratic structure with three branches and competitive elections
      - Constitution sought to limit foreigners' rights to exploit natural resources by declaring all subsoil rights are property of the naiton
    - - 1920- Cristero Rebellion was one of the bloodiest conflicts in Mexican history
      - Liberals saw the church as a bastion of conservatism and placed laws to forbid priests to vote, restricted church-affiliated schools, and suspended religious services
      - Resulted in priests around the country leading a rebellion against said new rules that contributed to the chaos
    - - After many presidential assassinations, President Calles brought caudillos together for an agreement in1929
      - His plan was to bring caudillos under one big political party
      - Each president could only have one, six year term
      - The giant umbrella party "institutionalized" the revolution by stabilizing conflict between leaders
  - - - 1934-1940
      - Cardenas gave voice to the peasants demands from the Revolution of 1910
    - - Redistribution of land
      - Nationalization of industry
      - Investments in public works
      - Encouragement of peasant and union organizations
      - Concentration of power in presidency
  - - - Miguel set Mexico on a path of economic development through economic liberalization, encouraging entrepreneurship and foreign investment
    - - educated, business-orientated leaders take control of the government and PRI with a moderate, free-market approach to polotics
    - - a strategy that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and limited government intervention in the economy
    - - based largely on massive supplies of natural gas and oil
        
        became a model for less developed countries everywhere
- - - - Cultural Heterogeneity
        
        Spanish arrived to land populated with natives
        
        conquistador Hernan Cortes captured Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
        
        The Spanish took control of the area
        
        Today, 60% of Mexicans are mestizo ( a blend of the two people)
      - Catholicism
        
        Spanish Catholic priests settled and converted the population to Christiainity. They set up missions that became popular and developed great attachments to the people who they led
      - Economic dependency
        
        The area was controlled by Spain, serving as colony to the mother country, they never realized the extent of Mexico's natural resources