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Crohn's Disease (Pathophysiology (Pro-inflammatory cytokines are…
Crohn's Disease
Pathophysiology
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released, activating more inflammatory cells
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Defective mucosal immune system produces an abnormal response to luminal antigens e.g. bacteria which enter the intestine via a leaky epithelium
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All layers of the bowel wall are affected = transmural inflammation (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, fat)
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Treatment
Severe attacks: IV hydrocortisone, blood transfusion
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Surgery: resection of bowel, not curative. Pouch surgery is not done as there is a high risk of recurrence
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Investigations
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Stool: analyse to exclude C.diff, campylobacter, E.coli
Bloods: FBC, ESR, CRP, U&E, LFT, INR, ferritin
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Definition
A chronic inflammatory disease of the bowel, characterised by transmural granulomatous inflammation