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Genetics (Mutations (causes (mutagen (UV rays, x rays), transposon…
Genetics
Mutations
causes
mutagen
UV rays, x rays
insertion sequences
transposon
similar to insertion sequence
effects
almost always harmful
mutations
point mutation
single base coverted
deletion
incertion
DNA repair processes
recognize and remove mutations
somatic mutations
occur at any time
never lead to sex cells
monohybrid crosses
with incomplete dominance
crossing heterozygotes with themselves
selfing
fertilizing own eggs
with complete dominance
dominant traits
dominate over recessive
test crosses
punnett square
multiple alleles
gene exists in many forms
replication of DNA
replicon
small bubble
primer RNA
acts as substrate for DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
DNA sythesizing enzyme
replication fork
when DNA uncoils
dihybrid crosses
independent assortment
two genes on separate chromosome
one moves independently
crossing over
each on chromosomes
linkage
two genes are close together
other aspects of inheritance
maternal inheritance
biparental inheritance
transmitted equally
pollen parent
ovule parent
lethal alleles
can kill organism
difficult to detect
multiple sets of alleles
multiple genes for one character
epistasis
gradient of value
plieotropic
multiple phenotype effects
